| 1. |
- Abele, H., et al.
(författare)
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Particle physics at the European Spallation Source
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physics reports. - : Elsevier. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 1023, s. 1-84
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, the European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the world’s brightest neutron source. As such, it has the potential for a particle physics program with a unique reach and which is complementary to that available at other facilities. This paper describes proposed particle physics activities for the ESS. These encompass the exploitation of both the neutrons and neutrinos produced at the ESS for high precision (sensitivity) measurements (searches).
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| 2. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Carlsson, Ella, et al.
(författare)
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Mass composition of the escaping plasma at Mars
- 2006
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Ingår i: Icarus. - : Elsevier BV. - 0019-1035 .- 1090-2643. ; 182:2, s. 320-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data from the Ion Mass Analyzer (IMA) sensor of the ASPERA-3 instrument suite on Mars Express have been analyzed to determine the mass composition of the escaping ion species at Mars. We have examined 77 different ion-beam events and we present the results in terms of flux ratios between the following ion species: CO2+/O+ and O-2(+)/O+. The following ratios averaged over all events and energies were identified: CO2+/O+ = 0.2 and O-2(+)/O+ = 0.9. The values measured are significantly higher, by a factor of 10 for O-2(+)/O+, than a contemporary modeled ratio for the maximum fluxes which the martian ionosphere can supply. The most abundant ion species was found to be O+, followed by O-2(+) and CO2+. We estimate the loss of CO2+ to be 4.0 x 10(24) s(-1) (0.29 kg s(-1)) by using the previous measurements of Phobos-2 in our calculations. The dependence of the ion ratios in relation to their energy ranges we studied, 0.3-3.0 keV, indicated that no clear correlation was found.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Wagner, L., et al.
(författare)
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Astrophysical S factor of the N 14 (p,γ) O 15 reaction at 0.4-1.3 MeV
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 97:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The N14(p,γ)O15 reaction is the slowest reaction of the carbon-nitrogen cycle of hydrogen burning and thus determines its rate. The precise knowledge of its rate is required to correctly model hydrogen burning in asymptotic giant branch stars. In addition, it is a necessary ingredient for a possible solution of the solar abundance problem by using the solar N13 and O15 neutrino fluxes as probes of the carbon and nitrogen abundances in the solar core. After the downward revision of its cross section due to a much lower contribution by one particular transition, capture to the ground state in O15, the evaluated total uncertainty is still 8%, in part due to an unsatisfactory knowledge of the excitation function over a wide energy range. The present work reports precise S factor data at twelve energies between 0.357 and 1.292 MeV for the strongest transition, capture to the 6.79-MeV excited state in O15, and at ten energies between 0.479 and 1.202 MeV for the second strongest transition, capture to the ground state in O15. An R-matrix fit is performed to estimate the impact of the new data on astrophysical energies. The recently suggested slight enhancement of the 6.79-MeV transition at low energy could not be confirmed. The present extrapolated zero-energy S factors are S6.79(0)=1.24±0.11 keV b and SGS(0)=0.19±0.05 keV b.
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| 7. |
- Kløve, Bjørn, et al.
(författare)
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Protection of GDE related ecosystem services in future groundwater resources management: current policies, methods and future recommendations
- 2013
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Groundwater dependent ecosystems have a high biodiversity and many ecosystem services and their future protection is important. At present, little information is available on the role of groundwater in ecosystems let alone criteria for ecosystem protection. This report makes a critical analysis of present knowledge and seeks for new ways to understand and manage these systems. This is needed to manage groundwater bodies as intended in the European water directives (GWD and WFD) that strive to improve the status of groundwater and surface water. The report includes issues such as sustainability, legal issues, conceptual models, risk valuation and impact assessment methods.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Prikhna, T., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of high pressure on the physical properties of MgB2
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1557-1939 .- 1557-1947. ; 24:5, s. 137-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synthesis of MgB2-based materials under high pressure gave the possibility to suppress the evaporation of magnesium and to obtain near theoretically dense nanograined structures with high superconducting, thermal conducting, and mechanical characteristics: critical current densities of 1.8-1.0×106 A/cm2 in the self-field and 103 A/cm2 in a magnetic field of 8 T at 20 K, 5-3×105 A/cm2 in self-field at 30 K, the corresponding critical fields being Hc2=15 T at 22 K and irreversible fields Hirr=13 T at 20 K, and Hirr=3.5 T at 30 K, thermal conduction of 53±2 W/(m{dot operator}K), the Vickers hardness HV=10.12±0.2 GPa under a load of 148.8 N and the fracture toughness K1 C=7.6±2.0 MPa{dot operator}m0.5 under the same load, the Young modulus E=213 GPa. Estimation of quenching current and AC losses allowed the conclusion that high-pressure-prepared materials are promising for application in transformer-type fault current limiters working at 20-30 K.
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| 10. |
- Stolper, E.M., et al.
(författare)
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The petrochemistry of Jake_M : A martian mugearite
- 2013
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 341:6153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- “Jake_M,” the first rock analyzed by the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer instrument on the Curiosity rover, differs substantially in chemical composition from other known martian igneous rocks: It is alkaline (>15% normative nepheline) and relatively fractionated. Jake_M is compositionally similar to terrestrial mugearites, a rock type typically found at ocean islands and continental rifts. By analogy with these comparable terrestrial rocks, Jake_M could have been produced by extensive fractional crystallization of a primary alkaline or transitional magma at elevated pressure, with or without elevated water contents. The discovery of Jake_M suggests that alkaline magmas may be more abundant on Mars than on Earth and that Curiosity could encounter even more fractionated alkaline rocks (for example, phonolites and trachytes).
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