| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Stickley, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
-
Loneliness and its association with psychological and somatic health problems among Czech, Russian and U.S. adolescents
- 2016
-
Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 16:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Loneliness is common in adolescence and has been linked to various negative outcomes. Until now, however, there has been little cross-country research on this phenomenon. The aim of the present study was to examine which factors are associated with adolescent loneliness in three countries that differ historically and culturally-the Czech Republic, Russia and the United States, and to determine whether adolescent loneliness is associated with poorer psychological and somatic health. Methods: Data from a school survey, the Social and Health Assessment (SAHA), were used to examine these relations among 2205 Czech, 1995 Russian, and 2050 U.S. male and female adolescents aged 13 to 15 years old. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine if specific demographic, parenting, personal or school-based factors were linked to feeling lonely and whether lonely adolescents were more likely to report psychological (depression and anxiety) or somatic symptoms (e.g. headaches, pain). Results: Inconsistent parenting, shyness, and peer victimisation were associated with higher odds for loneliness in at least 4 of the 6 country- and sex-wise subgroups (i.e. Czech, Russian, U.S. boys and girls). Parental warmth was a protective factor against feeling lonely among Czech and U.S. girls. Adolescents who were lonely had higher odds for reporting headaches, anxiety and depressive symptoms across all subgroups. Loneliness was associated with other somatic symptoms in at least half of the adolescent subgroups. Conclusion: Loneliness is associated with worse adolescent health across countries. The finding that variables from different domains are important for loneliness highlights the necessity of interventions in different settings in order to reduce loneliness and its detrimental effects on adolescent health. © 2016 Stickley et al.
|
|
| 3. |
- Gupta Löfving, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
-
Community violence exposure and severe posttraumatic stress in suburban American youth : risk and protective factors
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 50:4, s. 539-547
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The psychological effects of community violence exposure among inner-city youth are severe, yet little is known about its prevalence and moderators among suburban middle-class youth. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of community violence exposure among suburban American youth, to examine associated posttraumatic stress and to evaluate factors related to severe vs. less severe posttraumatic stress, such as co-existing internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as the effects of teacher support, parental warmth and support, perceived neighborhood safety and conventional involvement in this context. Method: Data were collected from 780 suburban, predominantly Caucasian middle-class high-school adolescents in the Northeastern US during the Social and Health Assessment (SAHA) study. Results: A substantial number of suburban youth were exposed to community violence and 24 % of those victimized by community violence developed severe posttraumatic stress. Depressive symptoms were strongly associated with higher levels and perceived teacher support with lower levels of posttraumatic stress. Conclusion: Similar to urban youth, youth living in suburban areas in North American settings may be affected by community violence. A substantial proportion of these youth reports severe posttraumatic stress and high levels of comorbid depressive symptoms. Teacher support may have a protective effect against severe posttraumatic stress and thus needs to be further assessed as a potential factor that can be used to mitigate the detrimental effects of violence exposure.
|
|
| 4. |
- Schwab-Stone, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Cultural considerations in the treatment of children and adolescents. Operationalizing the importance of culture in treatment.
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. - 1056-4993 .- 1558-0490. ; 10:4, s. 729-43
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Culture is complex and fluid, constantly changing with the tides of internal and external influence. It is vital for the transcultural therapist to understand the roles, context, and therapeutic consequences that follow from culture. The constructs mentioned previously are interdependent and often inseparable from one another. The interwoven web of political, social, and cultural constructs must be considered to understand the context of mental illness. This being said, therapists should not be content with the broad brush of cultural definition. Subcultural and intracultural dynamics also may play a role in a patient's world view, and the therapist must remain open to these variations. Likewise, one should be careful of stereotype. Culture plays a vital role in shaping physical and psychological conceptions but in and of itself cannot define an individual.
|
|
| 5. |
- Vermeiren, R, et al.
(författare)
-
Antisocial behaviour and mental health. Findings from three communities.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 11:4, s. 168-75
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To investigate the relationship between antisocial behaviour and psychopathology (depression, somatization, anxiety), expectations for the future, and sensation seeking in adolescents.METHOD: A cross-national self-report study assessing 955 students in Antwerp (Belgium), 1026 in Arkhangelsk (Russia) and 1391 in New Haven (US) was conducted. Adolescents were assigned antisocial group status according to the nature of their reported deviant behaviour. A non-antisocial group, a moderate antisocial group (non-aggressive behaviour) and a severe antisocial group (mainly aggressive behaviour) were identified.RESULTS: In both genders and in all three countries, depression, somatization, negative expectations for the future and sensation seeking gradually increased from the non-antisocial group to the moderate antisocial group, and finally to the severe antisocial group. Levels of anxiety were insignificant across most groups.CONCLUSION: Although cross-national differences exist, the variables of interest showed markedly similar trends between antisocial groups across countries. The current study adds to the debate over the relationship between anxiety and antisocial behaviour.
|
|
