| 1. |
- Leisawitz, David, et al.
(författare)
-
The origins space telescope
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 11115
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Origins Space Telescope will trace the history of our origins from the time dust and heavy elements permanently altered the cosmic landscape to present-day life. How did galaxies evolve from the earliest galactic systems to those found in the universe today? How do habitable planets form? How common are life-bearing worlds? To answer these alluring questions, Origins will operate at mid-and far-infrared wavelengths and offer powerful spectroscopic instruments and sensitivity three orders of magnitude better than that of Herschel, the largest telescope flown in space to date. After a 3 1/2 year study, the Origins Science and Technology Definition Team will recommend to the Decadal Survey a concept for Origins with a 5.9-m diameter telescope cryocooled to 4.5 K and equipped with three scientific instruments. A mid-infrared instrument (MISC-T) will measure the spectra of transiting exoplanets in the 2.8-20 μm wavelength range and offer unprecedented sensitivity, enabling definitive biosignature detections. The Far-IR Imager Polarimeter (FIP) will be able to survey thousands of square degrees with broadband imaging at 50 and 250 μm. The Origins Survey Spectrometer (OSS) will cover wavelengths from 25-588 μm, make wide-area and deep spectroscopic surveys with spectral resolving power R ∼ 300, and pointed observations at R ∼ 40,000 and 300,000 with selectable instrument modes. Origins was designed to minimize complexity. The telescope has a Spitzer-like architecture and requires very few deployments after launch. The cryo-thermal system design leverages JWST technology and experience. A combination of current-state-of-the-art cryocoolers and next-generation detector technology will enable Origins' natural backgroundlimited sensitivity.
|
|
| 2. |
- Campbell, James R., et al.
(författare)
-
An Extended SNOMED CT Concept Model for Observations in Molecular Genetics
- 2016
-
Ingår i: AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings. ; , s. 352-360
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular genetics laboratory reports are multiplying and increasingly of clinical importance in diagnosis and treatment of cancer, infectious disease and managing of public health. Little of this data is structured or maintained in the EHR in format useful for decision support or research. Structured, computable reporting is limited by non-availability of a domain ontology for these data. The IHTSDO and Regenstrief Institute(RI) have been collaborating since 2008 to develop a unified concept model and ontology of observable entities - concepts which represent the results of laboratory and clinical observations. In this paper we report the progress we have made to apply that unified concept model to the structured recording of observations in clinical molecular genetic pathology including immunohistochemistry and sequence variant findings. The primary use case for deployment is the structured and coded reporting of Cancer checklist
|
|
| 3. |
- de Jong, Roelof S., et al.
(författare)
-
4MOST-4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy V. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 9147
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- 4MOST is a wide-field, high-multiplex spectroscopic survey facility under development for the VISTA telescope of the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Its main science drivers are in the fields of galactic archeology, high-energy physics, galaxy evolution and cosmology. 4MOST will in particular provide the spectroscopic complements to the large area surveys coming from space missions like Gaia, eROSITA, Euclid, and PLATO and from ground-based facilities like VISTA, VST, DES, LSST and SKA. The 4MOST baseline concept features a 2.5 degree diameter field-of-view with similar to 2400 fibres in the focal surface that are configured by a fibre positioner based on the tilting spine principle. The fibres feed two types of spectrographs; similar to 1600 fibres go to two spectrographs with resolution R> 5000 (lambda similar to 390-930 nm) and similar to 800 fibres to a spectrograph with R> 18,000 (lambda similar to 392-437 nm & 515-572 nm & 605-675 nm). Both types of spectrographs are fixed-configuration, three-channel spectrographs. 4MOST will have an unique operations concept in which 5 year public surveys from both the consortium and the ESO community will be combined and observed in parallel during each exposure, resulting in more than 25 million spectra of targets spread over a large fraction of the southern sky. The 4MOST Facility Simulator (4FS) was developed to demonstrate the feasibility of this observing concept. 4MOST has been accepted for implementation by ESO with operations expected to start by the end of 2020. This paper provides a top-level overview of the 4MOST facility, while other papers in these proceedings provide more detailed descriptions of the instrument concept[1], the instrument requirements development[2], the systems engineering implementation[3], the instrument model[4], the fibre positioner concepts[5], the fibre feed[6], and the spectrographs[7].
|
|
| 4. |
- Doyle, Scott, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of effects of JPEG2000 compression on a computer-aided detection system for prostate cancer on digitized histopathology
- 2010
-
Ingår i: From Nano to Macro. - 9781424441266 ; , s. 1313-1316
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A single digital pathology image can occupy over 10 gigabytes of hard disk space, rendering it difficult to store, analyze, and transmit. Though image compression provides a means of reducing the storage requirement, its effects on CAD (and pathologist) performance are not yet clear. In this work we assess the impact of compression on the ability of a CAD system to detect carcinoma of the prostate (CaP) in histological sections. The CAD algorithm proceeds as follows: Glands in the tissue are segmented using a region-growing algorithm. The size of each gland is then extracted and modeled using a mixture of Gamma distributions. A Markov prior (specifically, a probabilistic pairwise Markov model) is employed to encourage nearby glands to share the same class (i.e. cancerous or non-cancerous). Finally, cancerous glands are aggregated into continuous regions using a distance-hull algorithm. We evaluate CAD performance over 12 images compressed at 14 different compression ratios using JPEG2000. Algorithm performance (measured using the under the receiver operating characteristic curves) remains relatively constant for compression ratios up to 1:256. After this point performance degrades precipitously. We also have an expert pathologist view the compressed images and assign a confidence measure as to their diagnostic fidelity.
|
|
| 5. |
- Doyle, Scott, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of effects of JPEG2000 compression on a computer-aided detection system for prostate cancer on digitized histopathology
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Biomedical Imaging. ; , s. 1313-1316
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A single digital pathology image can occupy over 10 gigabytes of hard disk space, rendering it difficult to store, analyze, and transmit. Though image compression provides a means of reducing the storage requirement, its effects on computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) and pathologist performance are not yet clear. In this work we assess the impact of compression on the ability of a CAD system to detect carcinoma of the prostate (CaP) on histological sections. The CAD algorithm proceeds as follows: Glands in the tissue are segmented using a region-growing algorithm, and the size of each gland is extracted. A Markov prior (specifically, a probabilistic pairwise Markov model) is employed to encourage nearby glands to share the same class (i.e. cancerous or non-cancerous). Finally, cancerous glands are aggregated into continuous regions using a distancehull algorithm. We trained the CAD system on 28 images of wholemount histology (WMH) and evaluated performance on 12 images compressed at 14 different compression ratios (a total of 168 experiments) using JPEG2000. Algorithm performance (measured using the under the receiver operating characteristic curves) remains relatively constant for compression ratios up to1 :256, beyond which performance degrades precipitously. For completeness we also have an expert pathologist view a randomly-selected set of compressed images from one of the whole mount studies and assign a confidence measure as to their diagnostic fidelity. Pathologist confidence declined with increasing compression ratio as the information necessary to diagnose the sample was lost, dropping from 100% confidence at ratio 1:64 to 0% at ratio 1:8192.
|
|
| 6. |
- Ellis, Carl, et al.
(författare)
-
EarlyOff : Using house cooling rates to save energy
- 2012
-
Ingår i: BuildSys ’12. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ; , s. 39-41
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Home heating systems often have a significant thermal inertia, as homes stay warm after the heating is turned off for significant periods of time. We present the EarlyOff concept, whereby home heating can be predictively turned off in advance of occupants' departure, using this inertia to keep the house warm while saving energy. We use a previously gathered data set of real-time heating, gas, and occupancy readings from five houses and conduct a data-driven analysis of potential energy savings. Using an "oracle" predicting actual departure events, we show an upper bound savings of 4-12% of the gas used over the whole study period by applying EarlyOff. Using a real predictor which makes use of historical occupancy probabilities, we show savings of 1-8% of gas use.
|
|
| 7. |
- Ellis, Carl, et al.
(författare)
-
Matchstick : A room-to-room thermal model for predicting indoor temperature from wireless sensor data
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN ’13). - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450319591 ; , s. 31-42
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present a room-to-room thermal model used to accurately predict temperatures in residential buildings. We evaluate the accuracy of this model with ground truth data from four occupied family homes (two in the UK and two in the US). The homes have differing construction and a range of heating infrastructure (wall-mounted radiators, underfloor heating, and furnace-driven forced-air). Data was gathered using a network of simple and sparse (one per room) temperature sensors, a gas meter sensor, and an outdoor temperature sensor. We show that our model can predict future indoor temperature trends with a 90th percentile aggregate error between 0.61–1.50ºC, when given boiler or furnace actuation times and outdoor temperature forecasts. Two existing models were also implemented and then evaluated on our dataset alongside Matchstick. As a proof of concept, we used data from a previous control study to show that when Matchstick is used to predict temperatures (rather than assuming a preset linear heating rate) the possible gas savings increase by up to 3%.
|
|
| 8. |
- Forssén, Per-Erik, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Informed Visual Search : Combining Attention and Object Recognition
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation<em></em>. - Pasadena : IEEE Robotics and Automation Society. - 9781424416462 ; , s. 935-942
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies the sequential object recognition problem faced by a mobile robot searching for specific objects within a cluttered environment. In contrast to current state-of-the-art object recognition solutions which are evaluated on databases of static images, the system described in this paper employs an active strategy based on identifying potential objects using an attention mechanism and planning to obtain images of these objects from numerous viewpoints. We demonstrate the use of a bag-of-features technique for ranking potential objects, and show that this measure outperforms geometric matching for invariance across viewpoints. Our system implements informed visual search by prioritising map locations and re-examining promising locations first. Experimental results demonstrate that our system is a highly competent object recognition system that is capable of locating numerous challenging objects amongst distractors.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Ingelsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Detailed Physiologic Characterization Reveals Diverse Mechanisms for Novel Genetic Loci Regulating Glucose and Insulin Metabolism in Humans
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Diabetes. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 59:5, s. 1266-1275
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE-Recent genome-wide association studies have revealed loci associated with glucose and insulin-related traits. We aimed to characterize 19 such loci using detailed measures of insulin processing, secretion, and sensitivity to help elucidate their role in regulation of glucose control, insulin secretion and/or action. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-We investigated associations of loci identified by the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium (MAGIC) with circulating proinsulin, measures of insulin secretion and sensitivity from oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs), euglycemic clamps, insulin suppression tests, or frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests in nondiabetic humans (n = 29,084). RESULTS-The glucose-raising allele in MADD was associated with abnormal insulin processing (a dramatic effect on higher proinsulin levels, but no association with insulinogenic index) at extremely persuasive levels of statistical significance (P = 2.1 x 10(-71)). Defects in insulin processing and insulin secretion were seen in glucose-raising allele carriers at TCF7L2, SCL30A8, GIPR, and C2CD4B. Abnormalities in early insulin secretion were suggested in glucose-raising allele carriers at MTNR1B, GCK, FADS1, DGKB, and PROX1 (lower insulinogenic index; no association with proinsulin or insulin sensitivity). Two loci previously associated with fasting insulin (GCKR and IGF1) were associated with OGTT-derived insulin sensitivity indices in a consistent direction. CONCLUSIONS-Genetic loci identified through their effect on hyperglycemia and/or hyperinsulinemia demonstrate considerable heterogeneity in associations with measures of insulin processing, secretion, and sensitivity. Our findings emphasize the importance of detailed physiological characterization of such loci for improved understanding of pathways associated with alterations in glucose homeostasis and eventually type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 59:1266-1275, 2010
|
|
