| 1. |
- Usman, M., et al.
(författare)
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Refining and reuse of waste lube oil in si engines : A novel approach for a sustainable environment
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073. ; 14:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The protection of the environment and pollution control are issues of paramount impor-tance. Researchers today are engrossed in mitigating the harmful impacts of petroleum waste on the environment. Lubricating oils, which are essential for the smooth operation of engines, are often disposed of improperly after completing their life. In the experimental work presented in this paper, deteriorated engine oil was regenerated using the acid treatment method and was reused in the engine. The comparison of the properties of reused oil, the engine’s performance, and the emissions from the engine are presented. The reuse of regenerated oil, the evaluation of performance, and emissions establish the usefulness of the regeneration of waste lubricating oil. For the used oil, total acid number (TAN), specific gravity, flash point, ash content, and kinematic viscosity changed by 60.7%, 6.7%, 4.4%, 96%, and 15.5%, respectively, compared with fresh oil. The regeneration partially restored all the lost lubricating oil properties. The performance parameters, brake power (BP), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and exhaust gas temperature (EGT) improved with regenerated oil in use compared with used oil. The emissions CO and NOX contents for acid-treated oil were 9.7% and 17.3% less in comparison with used oil, respectively. Thus, regenerated oil showed improved performance and oil properties along with significantly reduced emissions when employed in an SI engine.
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| 2. |
- Boot-Handford, M. E., et al.
(författare)
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Carbon capture and storage update
- 2014
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Ingår i: Energy and Environmental Sciences. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1754-5692 .- 1754-5706. ; 7:1, s. 130-189
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, Carbon Capture and Storage (Sequestration) (CCS) has been proposed as a potential method to allow the continued use of fossil-fuelled power stations whilst preventing emissions of CO2 from reaching the atmosphere. Gas, coat (and biomass)-fired power stations can respond to changes in demand more readily than many other sources of electricity production, hence the importance of retaining them as an option in the energy mix. Here, we review the leading CO2 capture technologies, available in the short and long term, and their technological maturity, before discussing CO2 transport and storage. Current pilot plants and demonstrations are highlighted, as is the importance of optimising the CCS system as a whole. Other topics briefly discussed include the viability of both the capture of CO2 from the air and CO2 reutilisation as climate change mitigation strategies. Finally, we discuss the economic and legal aspects of CCS.
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| 3. |
- Yousaf, M., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of rare earth (Yb, La) doped (Sm3Fe5O12) garnet ferrite membrane for LT-SOFC
- 2020
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Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rare earth element doping is a popular methodology for improving the electrical and electrochemical properties of materials. Inspired by this ideology, garnet ferrite material Sm3Fe5O12 (SFO) doped by rare earth (Yb, La) metal ions to form Sm3-0.5Yb0.5Fe5O12 (SYFO) and Sm3-0.5La0·5Fe5O12 (SLFO). The samples are synthesized by sol gel auto combustion and have been applied as electrolyte membrane for the first time in low temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LT-SOFC). The results indicate that the as-prepared materials have triple charge transport (H+/O−2/e−) carrier which promotes the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) in SOFC at triple phase boundary region (TPB). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) reveals that the polarization resistance of SLFO membrane significantly reduces from 0.92 Ω-cm2 to 0.45 Ω-cm2 and the power output improve from 310 mW/cm2 to 650 mW/cm2 at 550 °C temperature in comparison with that of SYFO and SFO electrolyte supported cells. UV-vis diffused spectroscopy explains the semiconducting nature of the prepared materials due to the existence of optical bandgap in the semiconductor region. The further investigation also verifies the protonic conduction of SLFO membrane by constructing oxygen ion blocking fuel cell with configuration of Ni-NCAL/BZCY/SLFO/BZCY/Ni-NCAL having 427.94 mW/Cm2 fuel cell performance with 1.03 OCV at 550 °C temperature.
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| 4. |
- Kumar, M., et al.
(författare)
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Frontier review on the propensity and repercussion of SARS-CoV-2 migration to aquatic environment
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-9110. ; 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased concern has recently emerged pertaining to the occurrence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in aquatic environment during the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While infectious SARS-CoV-2 has yet to be identified in the aquatic environment, the virus potentially enters the wastewater stream from patient excretions and a precautionary approach dictates evaluating transmission pathways to ensure public health and safety. Although enveloped viruses have presumed low persistence in water and are generally susceptible to inactivation by environmental stressors, previously identified enveloped viruses persist in the aqueous environment from days to several weeks. Our analysis suggests that not only the surface water, but also groundwater, represent SARS-CoV-2 control points through possible leaching and infiltrations of effluents from health care facilities, sewage, and drainage water. Most fecally transmitted viruses are highly persistent in the aquatic environment, and therefore, the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in water is essential to inform its fate in water, wastewater and groundwater and subsequent human exposure.
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| 5. |
- Shah, S., et al.
(författare)
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Plasmonic effects of quantum size metal nanoparticles on dye-sensitized solar cell
- 2017
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Ingår i: Optical Materials Express. - 2159-3930. ; 7:6, s. 2069-2083
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and phthaloyl chitosan (PhCh) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been synthesized and characterized. The GPEs have been prepared using different weight fractions of PEO and PhCh that have been added to a fixed composition solution of tetrapropylammonium iodide (TPAI), dimethylformamide (DMF) and iodine (I-2) crystals. The ionic conductivity behavior of prepared GPEs was studied using impedance spectroscopy. The sample having 70 wt.% PEO and 30 wt.% PhCh showed the highest ionic conductivity of 7.36 mS cm(-1) at room temperature. The photoanode of the DSSC consists of two TiO2 layers. The first or compact layer has a thickness of similar to 5 mu m and the TiO2 nanoparticles have an average size of 14 nm. The second layer of TiO2 nanoparticles has an average size of 21 nm. In order to adsorb dye molecules, the TiO2 photoanodes were soaked in anthocyanin and ruthenium 535 (N3) dye solutions. The GPE has been deposited between the dye/ TiO2 photoanode and platinum (Pt) counter electrode in a sandwich-like structure. Results showed that the fabricated DSSC with an electrolyte containing 70 wt.% PEO: 30 wt.% PhCh exhibited the highest efficiency for both anthocyanin and N3 dyes and the efficiency and ionic conductivity trend versus PEO content are similar. On addition of different amounts of Ag nanoparticles (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 mu L), with average size of 10 nm to the second TiO2 layer, the performance of DSSCs with anthocyanin sensitizer and N3 dye improved. The cell with anthocyanin/(TiO2 + 10 mu L Ag nanoparticles) showed a 21%, 17.2% and 39.6% increase in short circuit current density (J(sc)), fill factor (FF), and light to electricity conversion efficiency (.) respectively compared to the cell without Ag nanoparticle. The DSSC fabricated with TiO2 photoanode containing 20 mu L Ag nanoparticles soaked in N3 dye exhibits Jsc, FF, and. of 15.24 mA cm(-2), 57% and 5.21% respectively. The incorporation of Ag nanoparticles has resulted in a 17% and 13% increase in Jsc, and., respectively, for N3 based cells. This performance enhancement with the addition of Ag nanoparticles can be attributed to improvement of light scattering and charge transport as a result of plasmonic resonance.
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| 6. |
- Shah, M., et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of geothermal water quality for industrial and irrigation purposes in the Unai geothermal field, Gujarat, India
- 2019
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Ingår i: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier. - 2352-801X. ; 8, s. 59-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays, a spotlight on the direct manipulation of water from the geothermal fields is laid for manifold applications. This manuscript discusses the utilization of water produced from geothermal wells for irrigation and industrial purposes. In order to identify the suitability of the water for the above mentioned uses, various hydrochemical parameters were evaluated. Samples were collected from three geothermal well sites from Unai village, a prominent geothermal field situated in Navsari district, Gujarat, India. The hydrochemistry of the samples collected from hot spring (depth 30–45 m) was studied and samples were examined by calculating different parameters. The complete study was done individually for both industrial and irrigational uses of geothermal water. The mean surface temperature of the water is 55 °C and average pH of the sample studied is 8.12. The key Water Quality Indices (WQI) such as Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), Puckorius Scaling Index (PSI) and Larson-Skold Index (LS) were examined for industrial utilization and the key indices like Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Percentage (SP), Kelly Ratio (KR) Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) and Permeability Index (PI) were examined for irrigational utilization of geothermal water. LSI and RSI values show that carbonate and bicarbonate concentration is in the desirable range, however, LS (15.09, 13.54) is very high which indicates higher Cl- content. High value of indices such as SAR, KR, and SP points out the increased concentration of Na+ in the water sample. The results of this study would help the end users to identify the necessary water-treatments before utilizing the water for industrial and irrigation purposes in the study area.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Buraidah, M. H., et al.
(författare)
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Solar Module Using Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks. - 2162-7339. ; 2018-July
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solar module in this work comprises dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) in series connection. The DSSC is made from transparent fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass on which two layers of titanium dioxide (TiO2) have been deposited and then soaked in ruthenium dye to form the photoanode. A phthaloylchitosan based gel polymer electrolyte containing iodide/triiodide redox mediator was sandwiched between the photoanode and platinum counter electrode. The two layers of TiO2 have different particle sizes. The first layer ( 15 nm particle size) acts as blocking layer whereas the second layer (particle size 21 nm) is mesoporous. The current-voltage characteristics and impedance measurements have been performed on the solar panel. Results show that the solar module comprising five DSSCs connected in series is capable to produce current around 0.7 mA•cm-2, voltage of 3.3 V and power density of 1.1 mW•cm-2 under solar simulator with light intensity of 18 mW•cm-2. The feasibility of the solar panel has been tested in practical applications e.g. operating small decorative items that require small power to function.
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| 9. |
- Cockell, Charles S., et al.
(författare)
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Subsurface scientific exploration of extraterrestrial environments (MINAR 5) : analogue science, technology and education in the Boulby Mine, UK
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Astrobiology. - : Cambridges Institutes Press. - 1473-5504 .- 1475-3006. ; 18:2, s. 157-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The deep subsurface of other planetary bodies is of special interest for robotic and human exploration. The subsurface provides access to planetary interior processes, thus yielding insights into planetary formation and evolution. On Mars, the subsurface might harbour the most habitable conditions. In the context of human exploration, the subsurface can provide refugia for habitation from extreme surface conditions. We describe the fifth Mine Analogue Research (MINAR 5) programme at 1 km depth in the Boulby Mine, UK in collaboration with Spaceward Bound NASA and the Kalam Centre, India, to test instruments and methods for the robotic and human exploration of deep environments on the Moon and Mars. The geological context in Permian evaporites provides an analogue to evaporitic materials on other planetary bodies such as Mars. A wide range of sample acquisition instruments (NASA drills, Small Planetary Impulse Tool (SPLIT) robotic hammer, universal sampling bags), analytical instruments (Raman spectroscopy, Close-Up Imager, Minion DNA sequencing technology, methane stable isotope analysis, biomolecule and metabolic life detection instruments) and environmental monitoring equipment (passive air particle sampler, particle detectors and environmental monitoring equipment) was deployed in an integrated campaign. Investigations included studying the geochemical signatures of chloride and sulphate evaporitic minerals, testing methods for life detection and planetary protection around human-tended operations, and investigations on the radiation environment of the deep subsurface. The MINAR analogue activity occurs in an active mine, showing how the development of space exploration technology can be used to contribute to addressing immediate Earth-based challenges. During the campaign, in collaboration with European Space Agency (ESA), MINAR was used for astronaut familiarization with future exploration tools and techniques. The campaign was used to develop primary and secondary school and primary to secondary transition curriculum materials on-site during the campaign which was focused on a classroom extra vehicular activity simulation.
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| 10. |
- Shah, F. U., et al.
(författare)
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Halogen-free chelated orthoborate ionic liquids and organic ionic plastic crystals
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 0959-9428 .- 1364-5501. ; 22:14, s. 6928-6938
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Five halogen-free orthoborate salts comprised of three different cations (cholinium, pyrrolidinium and imidazolium) and two orthoborate anions, bis(mandelato) borate and bis(salicylato) borate, were synthesised and characterised by DSC, X-ray diffraction and NMR. DSC measurements revealed that glass transition points of these orthoborate salts are in the temperature range from -18 to -2 degrees C. In addition, it was found that [EMPy][BScB] and [EMIm][BScB] salts have solid-solid phase transitions below their melting points, i.e. they exhibit typical features of plastic crystals. Salts of the bis(salicylato) borate anion [BScB](-) have higher melting points compared with corresponding salts of the bis(mandelato) borate anion [BMB](-). Single crystal X-ray diffraction crystallography (for [Chol][BScB] crystals) and solid-state multinuclear (C-13, B-11 and N-15) NMR spectroscopy were employed for the structural characterisation of [Chol][BScB], [EMPy][BScB] and [EMIm][BScB], which are solids at room temperature: a strong interaction between [BScB](-) anions and [Chol](+) cations was identified as (i) hydrogen bonding between OH of [Chol](+) and carbonyl groups of [BScB](-) and (ii) as the inductive C-H center dot center dot center dot pi interaction. In the other salt, [EMIm][BScB], anions exhibit pi center dot center dot center dot pi stacking in combination with C-H center dot center dot center dot pi interactions with [EMIm]+ cations. These interactions were not identified in [EMPy] [BScB] probably because of the lack of aromaticity in cations of the latter system. Our data on the formation of a lanthanum complex with bis(salicylato) borate in the liquid mixture of La3+(aq) with [Chol][BScB] suggest that this class of novel ILs can be potentially used in the extraction processes of metal ions of rare earth elements.
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