| 1. |
- Kaufman, E. D., et al.
(författare)
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Probing Protein Adsorption onto Mercaptoundecanoic Acid Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles and Surfaces by Quartz Crystal Microbalance and ζ-Potential Measurements
- 2007
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 23:11, s. 6053-6062
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adsorption characteristics of three proteins [bovine serum albumin (BSA), myoglobin (Mb), and cytochrome c (CytC)] onto self-assembled monolayers of mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) on both gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and gold surfaces (Au) are described. The combination of quartz crystal microbalance measurements with dissipation (QCM-D) and pH titrations of the zeta-potential provide information on layer structure, surface coverage, and potential. All three proteins formed adsorption layers consisting of an irreversibly adsorbed fraction and a reversibly adsorbed fraction. BSA showed the highest affinity for the MUA/Au, forming an irreversibly adsorbed rigid monolayer with a side-down orientation and packing close to that expected in the jamming limit. In addition, BSA showed a large change in the adsorbed mass due to reversibly bound protein. The data indicate that the irreversibly adsorbed fraction of CytC is a monolayer structure, whereas the irreversibly adsorbed Mb is present in form of a bilayer. The observation of stable BSA complexes on MUA/AuNPs at the isoelectric point by zeta-potential measurements demonstrates that BSA can sterically stabilize MUA/AuNP. On the other hand, MUA/AuNP coated with either Mb or CytC formed a reversible flocculated state at the isoelectric point. The colloidal stability differences may be correlated with weaker binding in the reversibly bound overlayer in the case of Mb and CytC as compared to BSA.
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| 2. |
- Blute, I, et al.
(författare)
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The molecular mechanism for destabilization of foams by organic ions
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society. - 0003-021X .- 1558-9331. ; 71, s. 41-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The destabilization of foams by electrolytes with tetraalkylammonium ions has been investigated. The presence of large tetraalkylammonium ions at the oil/water interface perturbs the packing of surfactants, producing noncoherent films of low stability. A comparison between the foam destabilizing efficiency of tetraalkylammonium bromide salts with tributyl phosphate and 2-ethyl hexanol, which are used in many commercial antifoaming formulations, demonstrated that the organic salts have a potential for being useful in technical applications involving foam inhibition.
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| 3. |
- Faraz, S. M., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of annealing temperature on the interface state density of n-ZnO nanorod/p-Si heterojunction diodes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Open Physics. - : De Gruyter Open Ltd. - 2391-5471. ; 19:1, s. 467-476
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of post-growth annealing treatment of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods on the electrical properties of their heterojunction diodes (HJDs) is investigated. ZnO nanorods are synthesized by the low-temperature aqueous solution growth technique and annealed at temperatures of 400 and 600°C. The as-grown and annealed nanorods are studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Electrical characterization of the ZnO/Si heterojunction diode is done by current–voltage (I–V) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements at room temperature. The barrier height (ϕB), ideality factor (n), doping concentration and density of interface states (NSS) are extracted. All HJDs exhibited a nonlinear behavior with rectification factors of 23, 1,596 and 309 at ±5 V for the as-grown, 400 and 600°C-annealed nanorod HJDs, respectively. Barrier heights of 0.81 and 0.63 V are obtained for HJDs of 400 and 600°C-annealed nanorods, respectively. The energy distribution of the interface state density has been investigated and found to be in the range 0.70 × 1010 to 1.05 × 1012 eV/cm2 below the conduction band from EC = 0.03 to EC = 0.58 eV. The highest density of interface states is observed in HJDs of 600°C-annealed nanorods. Overall improved behavior is observed for the heterojunctions diodes of 400°C-annealed ZnO nanorods. © 2021 Sadia Muniza Faraz et al.
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| 4. |
- Papatheocharous, Efi, et al.
(författare)
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The GRADE taxonomy for supporting decision-making of asset selection in software-intensive system development
- 2018
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Ingår i: Information and Software Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-5849 .- 1873-6025. ; 100, s. 1-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: The development of software-intensive systems includes many decisions involving various stakeholders with often conflicting interests and viewpoints. Objective: Decisions are rarely systematically documented and sporadically explored. This limits the opportunity for learning and improving on important decisions made in the development of software-intensive systems. Method: In this work, we enable support for the systematic documentation of decisions, improve their traceability and contribute to potentially improved decision-making in strategic, tactical and operational contexts. Results: We constructed a taxonomy for documentation supporting decision-making, called GRADE. GRADE was developed in a research project that required composition of a common dedicated language to make feasible the identification of new opportunities for better decision support and evaluation of multiple decision alternatives. The use of the taxonomy has been validated through thirty three decision cases from industry. Conclusion: This paper occupies this important yet greatly unexplored research gap by developing the GRADE taxonomy that serves as a common vocabulary to describe and classify decision-making with respect to architectural assets.
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| 5. |
- Shah, S. M. A., et al.
(författare)
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Robustness Testing of Embedded Software Systems : An Industrial Interview Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : IEEE. - 2169-3536. ; 4, s. 1859-1871
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Embedded software is at the core of current and future telecommunication, automotive, multimedia, and industrial automation systems. The success of practically any industrial application depends on the embedded software system's dependability, and one method to verify the dependability of a system is testing its robustness. The motivation behind this paper is to provide a knowledge base of the state of the practice in robustness testing of embedded software systems and to compare this to the state of the art. We have gathered the information on the state of the practice in robustness testing from seven different industrial domains (telecommunication, automotive, multimedia, critical infrastructure, aerospace, consumer products, and banking) by conducting 13 semi-structured interviews. We investigate the different aspects of robustness testing, such as the general view of robustness, relation to requirements engineering and design, test execution, failures, and tools. We highlight knowledge from the state of the practice of robustness testing of embedded software systems. We found different robustness testing practices that have not been previously described. This paper shows that the state of the practice, when it comes to robustness testing, differs between organizations and is quite different from the state of the art described in the scientific literature. For example, methods commonly described in the literature (e.g., the fuzzy approach) are not used in the organizations we studied. Instead, the interviewees described several ad hoc approaches that take specific scenarios into account (e.g., power failure or overload). Other differences we found concern the classification of robustness failures, the hypothesized root causes of robustness failures, and the types of tools used for robustness testing. This paper is a first step in capturing the state of the practice of robustness testing of embedded software systems. The results can be used by both researchers and practitioners. Researchers can use our findings to understand the gap between the state of the art and the state of the practice and develop their studies to fill this gap. Practitioners can also learn from this knowledge base regarding how they can improve their practice and acquire other practices.
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