| 1. |
- Shah Alam, M., et al.
(author)
-
Multilayered gold/silica nanoparticulate bilayer devices using layer-by-layer self organisation for flexible bending and pressure sensing applications
- 2014
-
In: Applied Physics Letters. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 104:7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A pressure and bending sensor was fabricated using multilayer thin films fabricated on a flexible substrate based on layer-by-layer self-organization of 18 nm gold nanoparticles separated by a dielectric layer of 30 nm silica nanoparticles. 50, 75, and 100 gold-silica bi-layered films were deposited and the device characteristics were studied. A threshold voltage was required for electron conduction which increases from 2.4 V for 50 bi-layers to 3.3 V for 100 bi-layers. Upon bending of the device up to about 52°, the threshold voltage and slope of the I-V curves change linearly. Electrical characterization of the multilayer films was carried out under ambient conditions with different pressures and bending angles in the direct current mode. This study demonstrates that the developed multilayer thin films can be used as pressure as well as bending sensing applications.
|
|
| 2. |
- Shah, M., et al.
(author)
-
Assessment of geothermal water quality for industrial and irrigation purposes in the Unai geothermal field, Gujarat, India
- 2019
-
In: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier. - 2352-801X. ; 8, s. 59-68
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nowadays, a spotlight on the direct manipulation of water from the geothermal fields is laid for manifold applications. This manuscript discusses the utilization of water produced from geothermal wells for irrigation and industrial purposes. In order to identify the suitability of the water for the above mentioned uses, various hydrochemical parameters were evaluated. Samples were collected from three geothermal well sites from Unai village, a prominent geothermal field situated in Navsari district, Gujarat, India. The hydrochemistry of the samples collected from hot spring (depth 30–45 m) was studied and samples were examined by calculating different parameters. The complete study was done individually for both industrial and irrigational uses of geothermal water. The mean surface temperature of the water is 55 °C and average pH of the sample studied is 8.12. The key Water Quality Indices (WQI) such as Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), Puckorius Scaling Index (PSI) and Larson-Skold Index (LS) were examined for industrial utilization and the key indices like Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Percentage (SP), Kelly Ratio (KR) Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) and Permeability Index (PI) were examined for irrigational utilization of geothermal water. LSI and RSI values show that carbonate and bicarbonate concentration is in the desirable range, however, LS (15.09, 13.54) is very high which indicates higher Cl- content. High value of indices such as SAR, KR, and SP points out the increased concentration of Na+ in the water sample. The results of this study would help the end users to identify the necessary water-treatments before utilizing the water for industrial and irrigation purposes in the study area.
|
|
| 3. |
- Shah, S. M. A., et al.
(author)
-
Robustness Testing of Embedded Software Systems : An Industrial Interview Study
- 2016
-
In: IEEE Access. - : IEEE. - 2169-3536. ; 4, s. 1859-1871
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Embedded software is at the core of current and future telecommunication, automotive, multimedia, and industrial automation systems. The success of practically any industrial application depends on the embedded software system's dependability, and one method to verify the dependability of a system is testing its robustness. The motivation behind this paper is to provide a knowledge base of the state of the practice in robustness testing of embedded software systems and to compare this to the state of the art. We have gathered the information on the state of the practice in robustness testing from seven different industrial domains (telecommunication, automotive, multimedia, critical infrastructure, aerospace, consumer products, and banking) by conducting 13 semi-structured interviews. We investigate the different aspects of robustness testing, such as the general view of robustness, relation to requirements engineering and design, test execution, failures, and tools. We highlight knowledge from the state of the practice of robustness testing of embedded software systems. We found different robustness testing practices that have not been previously described. This paper shows that the state of the practice, when it comes to robustness testing, differs between organizations and is quite different from the state of the art described in the scientific literature. For example, methods commonly described in the literature (e.g., the fuzzy approach) are not used in the organizations we studied. Instead, the interviewees described several ad hoc approaches that take specific scenarios into account (e.g., power failure or overload). Other differences we found concern the classification of robustness failures, the hypothesized root causes of robustness failures, and the types of tools used for robustness testing. This paper is a first step in capturing the state of the practice of robustness testing of embedded software systems. The results can be used by both researchers and practitioners. Researchers can use our findings to understand the gap between the state of the art and the state of the practice and develop their studies to fill this gap. Practitioners can also learn from this knowledge base regarding how they can improve their practice and acquire other practices.
|
|
| 4. |
- Yousaf, M., et al.
(author)
-
Evaluation of rare earth (Yb, La) doped (Sm3Fe5O12) garnet ferrite membrane for LT-SOFC
- 2020
-
In: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rare earth element doping is a popular methodology for improving the electrical and electrochemical properties of materials. Inspired by this ideology, garnet ferrite material Sm3Fe5O12 (SFO) doped by rare earth (Yb, La) metal ions to form Sm3-0.5Yb0.5Fe5O12 (SYFO) and Sm3-0.5La0·5Fe5O12 (SLFO). The samples are synthesized by sol gel auto combustion and have been applied as electrolyte membrane for the first time in low temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LT-SOFC). The results indicate that the as-prepared materials have triple charge transport (H+/O−2/e−) carrier which promotes the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) in SOFC at triple phase boundary region (TPB). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) reveals that the polarization resistance of SLFO membrane significantly reduces from 0.92 Ω-cm2 to 0.45 Ω-cm2 and the power output improve from 310 mW/cm2 to 650 mW/cm2 at 550 °C temperature in comparison with that of SYFO and SFO electrolyte supported cells. UV-vis diffused spectroscopy explains the semiconducting nature of the prepared materials due to the existence of optical bandgap in the semiconductor region. The further investigation also verifies the protonic conduction of SLFO membrane by constructing oxygen ion blocking fuel cell with configuration of Ni-NCAL/BZCY/SLFO/BZCY/Ni-NCAL having 427.94 mW/Cm2 fuel cell performance with 1.03 OCV at 550 °C temperature.
|
|
