| 2. |
- Delanaye, Pierre, et al.
(författare)
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Performance of the European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) creatinine-based equation in United States cohorts
- 2024
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Ingår i: Kidney International. - 0085-2538. ; 105:3, s. 629-637
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is important in daily practice to assess kidney function and adapting the best clinical care of patients with and without chronic kidney disease. The new creatinine-based European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) equation is used to estimate GFR. This equation was developed and validated mainly in European individuals and based on a rescaled creatinine, with the rescaling factor (Q-value) defined as the median normal value of serum creatinine in a given population. The validation was limited in Non-Black Americans and absent in Black Americans. Here, our cross-sectional analysis included 12,854 participants from nine studies encompassing large numbers of both non-Black and Black Americans with measured GFR by clearance of an exogenous marker (reference method), serum creatinine, age, sex, and self-reported race available. Two strategies were considered with population-specific Q-values in Black and non-Black men and women (EKFCPS) or a race-free Q-value (EKFCRF). In the whole population, only the EKFCPS equation showed no statistical median bias (0.14, 95% confidence interval [-0.07; 0.35] mL/min/1.73m2), and the bias for the EKFCRF (0.74, [0.51; 0.94] mL/min/1.73m2) was closer to zero than that for the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI2021) equation (1.22, [0.99; 1.47]) mL/min/1.73m2]. The percentage of estimated GFR within 30% of measured GFR was similar for CKD-EPI2021 (79.2% [78.5%; 79.9%]) and EKFCRF (80.1% [79.4%; 80.7%]), but improved for the EKFCPS equation (81.1% [80.5%; 81.8%]). Thus, our EKFC equations can be used to estimate GFR in the United States incorporating either self-reported race or unknown race at the patient's discretion per hospital registration records.
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| 3. |
- Li, Ruiyun, et al.
(författare)
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Operando Formation of Van der Waals Heterostructures for Achieving Macroscale Superlubricity on Engineering Rough and Worn Surfaces
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 32:18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Macroscale superlubricity breakdown of lubricating materials caused by substrate surface roughening and mechanochemical modification poses great challenges for their practical tribological applications. Here, a facile way is reported to access robust macroscale superlubricity in a vacuum environment, via the operando formation of graphene/transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) heterostructures at wear-induced rough surfaces. By trapping active amorphous carbon (a-C) wear products between TMDC flakes, the sandwich structures readily transform into graphene/TMDC heterostructures during running-in stage, based on shear-induced confinement and load-driven graphitization effects. Then they assemble into multipoint flake-like tribofilms to achieve macroscale superlubricity at steady stage by reducing contact area, eliminating strong cross-interface carbon–carbon interactions and polishing a-C rough nascent surface. Atomistic simulations reveal the preferential formation of graphene/TMDC heterostructures during running-in stage and demonstrate the superlubric sliding of TMDCs on the graphene. The findings are of importance to achieve robust superlubricity and provide a good strategy for the synthesis of other van der Waals heterostructures.
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