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Sökning: WFRF:(Smith M.) > Jönköping University

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1.
  • Davies, G., et al. (författare)
  • Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 9:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • General cognitive function is a prominent and relatively stable human trait that is associated with many important life outcomes. We combine cognitive and genetic data from the CHARGE and COGENT consortia, and UK Biobank (total N = 300,486; age 16-102) and find 148 genome-wide significant independent loci (P < 5 × 10-8) associated with general cognitive function. Within the novel genetic loci are variants associated with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, physical and psychiatric illnesses, and brain structure. Gene-based analyses find 709 genes associated with general cognitive function. Expression levels across the cortex are associated with general cognitive function. Using polygenic scores, up to 4.3% of variance in general cognitive function is predicted in independent samples. We detect significant genetic overlap between general cognitive function, reaction time, and many health variables including eyesight, hypertension, and longevity. In conclusion we identify novel genetic loci and pathways contributing to the heritability of general cognitive function.
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2.
  • Komatsu, Kimberly J., et al. (författare)
  • Global change effects on plant communities are magnified by time and the number of global change factors imposed
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 116:36, s. 17867-17873
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Accurate prediction of community responses to global change drivers (GCDs) is critical given the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem services. There is consensus that human activities are driving species extinctions at the global scale, but debate remains over whether GCDs are systematically altering local communities worldwide. Across 105 experiments that included over 400 experimental manipulations, we found evidence for a lagged response of herbaceous plant communities to GCDs caused by shifts in the identities and relative abundances of species, often without a corresponding difference in species richness. These results provide evidence that community responses are pervasive across a wide variety of GCDs on long-term temporal scales and that these responses increase in strength when multiple GCDs are simultaneously imposed.Global change drivers (GCDs) are expected to alter community structure and consequently, the services that ecosystems provide. Yet, few experimental investigations have examined effects of GCDs on plant community structure across multiple ecosystem types, and those that do exist present conflicting patterns. In an unprecedented global synthesis of over 100 experiments that manipulated factors linked to GCDs, we show that herbaceous plant community responses depend on experimental manipulation length and number of factors manipulated. We found that plant communities are fairly resistant to experimentally manipulated GCDs in the short term (<10 y). In contrast, long-term (≥10 y) experiments show increasing community divergence of treatments from control conditions. Surprisingly, these community responses occurred with similar frequency across the GCD types manipulated in our database. However, community responses were more common when 3 or more GCDs were simultaneously manipulated, suggesting the emergence of additive or synergistic effects of multiple drivers, particularly over long time periods. In half of the cases, GCD manipulations caused a difference in community composition without a corresponding species richness difference, indicating that species reordering or replacement is an important mechanism of community responses to GCDs and should be given greater consideration when examining consequences of GCDs for the biodiversity–ecosystem function relationship. Human activities are currently driving unparalleled global changes worldwide. Our analyses provide the most comprehensive evidence to date that these human activities may have widespread impacts on plant community composition globally, which will increase in frequency over time and be greater in areas where communities face multiple GCDs simultaneously.
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3.
  • Henry, C., et al. (författare)
  • Women’s entrepreneurship policy : A 13-nation cross-country comparison
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Entrepreneurial ecosystems and growth of women's entrepreneurship. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781785364624 - 9781785364617 ; , s. 244-278
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Public policy is a key element within the entrepreneurial ecosystem in that policy has the potential to shape venture creation behavior and entrepreneurial outcomes. In response to studies documenting a gender gap in entrepreneurial activity, government attention to women’s entrepreneurship has increased in the past two decades. Nevertheless, there are few cross-cultural studies to inform policy development. This 13-nation study draws on gender and institutional theory to report on the status of female-focused SME/entrepreneurship policies and to ask: How - and to what extent - do women’s entrepreneurship policies differ among countries? A common methodological approach is used to identify gaps in the policy-practice nexus, highlighting countries where policy is weak but practice is strong and vice versa. Recommendations for future research are advanced. 
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  • Larsson, Dennis, et al. (författare)
  • 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 binds to catalase
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0730-2312 .- 1097-4644. ; 97:6, s. 1259-1266
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There is increasing evidence that the vitamin D metabolite, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3) has endocrine actions. In the current work, we report that an endogenous binding protein for 24,25(OH)2D3 is catalase, based on sequence analysis of the isolated protein. An antibody (Ab 365) generated against equivalent protein recognized bovine catalase and a 64 kDa band in subcellular fractions of chick intestine. A commercially available anti-catalase antibody reduced specific [3H]24,25(OH)2D3 binding in subcellular fractions of chick intestine by greater than 65%, relative to the same fractions treated with an unrelated antibody (Ab 099). The same commercially available anti-catalase was able to block the inhibitory actions of 24,25(OH)2D3 on 32P uptake in isolated intestinal epithelial cell suspensions. We subsequently characterized binding of steroid to commercially available catalase, and found that between 0 and 5 nM of enzyme added to subcellular fraction P2 (20,000g, 10-min post-nuclear pellet) resulted in a linear increase in the amount of [3H]24,25(OH)2D3 specifically bound. Additional studies indicated that 25(OH)D3 was an effective competitor for binding, whereas 1,25(OH)2D3 only poorly displaced [3H]24,25(OH)2D3. Saturation analyses with added catalase yielded a physiologically relevant affinity constant (KD = 5.6 ± 2.7 nM) and a Bmax = 209 ± 34 fmols/mg protein, comparable to previous studies using purified basal lateral membranes or vesicular fractions. Moreover, in a study on subcellular fractions isolated from chickens of varying ages, we found that in females, both specific [3H]24,25(OH)2D3 binding and catalase activity increased from 7- to 58-week-old birds, whereas in males, elevated levels of both parameters were expressed in preparations of 7- and 58-week-old birds. The data suggest that signal transduction may occur through modulation of hydrogen peroxide production.
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  • Lobo, José, et al. (författare)
  • A convergence research perspective on graduate education for sustainable urban systems science
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: npj Urban Sustainability. - : Springer. - 2661-8001. ; 1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sustainable urban systems (SUS) science is a new science integrating work across established and emerging disciplines, using diverse methods, and addressing issues at local, regional, national, and global scales. Advancing SUS requires the next generation of scholars and practitioners to excel at synthesis across disciplines and possess the skills to innovate in the realms of research, policy, and stakeholder engagement. We outline key tenets of graduate education in SUS, informed by historical and global perspectives. The sketch is an invitation to discuss how graduates in SUS should be trained to engage with the challenges and opportunities presented by continuing urbanization.
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10.
  • Senyard, Julienne M., et al. (författare)
  • Stop whining and make the best of it : a cross-national comparison of responses to regional disadvantage in the wine industry
  • 2012
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Our cross-national field study of wine entrepreneurship in the “wrong” places provides some redress to the focus of the “regional advantage” literature on places that have already won and on the firms that benefit from “clusters” and other centers of industry advantage. Regional “disadvantage” is at best a shadowy afterthought to this literature. By poking around in these shadows, we help to synthesize and extend the incipient yet burgeoning literature on entrepreneurial “resourcefulness” and we contribute to the developing body of insights and theory pertinent to the numerous but often ignored firms and startups that mostly need to worry about how they will compete at all now if they are ever to have of chance of “winning” in the future. The core of our findings suggests that understandable – though contested – processes of ingenuity underlie entrepreneurial responses to regional disadvantage. Because we study entrepreneurship that from many angles simply does not make sense, we are also able to proffer a novel perspective on entrepreneurial sensemaking.
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