| 1. |
- Mikheenkova, Anastasiia, et al.
(author)
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Ageing of High Energy Density Automotive Li-Ion Batteries : The Effect of Temperature and State-of-Charge
- 2023
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In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 170:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lithium ion batteries (LIB) have become a cornerstone of the shift to electric transportation. In an attempt to decrease the production load and prolong battery life, understanding different degradation mechanisms in state-of-the-art LIBs is essential. Here, we analyze how operational temperature and state-of-charge (SoC) range in cycling influence the ageing of automotive grade 21700 batteries, extracted from a Tesla 3 long Range 2018 battery pack with positive electrode containing LiNixCoyAlzO2 (NCA) and negative electrode containing SiOx-C. In the given study we use a combination of electrochemical and material analysis to understand degradation sources in the cell. Herein we show that loss of lithium inventory is the main degradation mode in the cells, with loss of material on the negative electrode as there is a significant contributor when cycled in the low SoC range. Degradation of NCA dominates at elevated temperatures with combination of cycling to high SoC (beyond 50%).
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| 2. |
- Biendicho, Jordi Jacas, et al.
(author)
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In situ investigation of commercial Ni(OH)(2) and LaNi5-based electrodes by neutron powder diffraction
- 2015
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In: Journal of Materials Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0884-2914 .- 2044-5326. ; 30:3, s. 407-416
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electrochemical reactions at both positive and negative electrodes in a nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery during charge have been investigated by in situ neutron powder diffraction. Commercially available beta-Ni(OH)(2) and LaNi5-based powders were used in this experiment as positive and negative electrodes, respectively. Exchange of hydrogen by deuterium for the beta-Ni(OH)(2) electrode was achieved by ex situ cycling of the cell prior to in situ measurements. Neutron diffraction data collected in situ show that the largest amount of deuterium contained at the positive electrode is de-intercalated from the electrode with no phase transformation involved up to similar to 100 mA h/g and, in addition, the 110 peak width for the positive electrode increases on charge. The negative electrode of composition MmNi(3.6)Al(0.4)Mn(0.3)Co(0.7), where Mm = Mischmetal, exhibits a phase transformation to an intermediate hydride gamma phase first and then to the beta phase on charge. Unit cell dimensions and phase fractions have been investigated by Rietveld refinement of the crystal structure.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Churakova, Ekaterina, et al.
(author)
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Accurate analysis of residual lactose in low-lactose milk: Comparing a variety of analytical techniques
- 2019
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In: International Dairy Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0958-6946. ; 96, s. 126-131
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To receive the designation “lactose-free”, milk should contain <0.01% (w/w) lactose. As the analysis of such low levels of lactose is often hampered by other saccharides present or formed during milk processing, methods are required that are highly sensitive, accurate and precise. Currently, there is no international standard analysis method for the determination of lactose in low- or lactose-free milk, despite such a need from the dairy industry. We validated the analysis of residual lactose in lactase-treated UHT milk using HPAEC-PAD on a CarboPac PA100 column and compared it with a variety of commonly used analytical techniques for measuring lactose, including HPLC-RI, NMR, enzymatic kits, cryoscopy, and lactose biosensors. The results show that only one analytical technique, namely the Biomilk300, an amperometric biosensor, has performance comparable with analysis by HPAEC-PAD, which remains one of the most accurate, precise and sensitive methods to assess low levels of lactose in milk.
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| 5. |
- Matthaiou, Michail, 1981, et al.
(author)
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On the condition number distribution of complex Wishart matrices
- 2010
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In: IEEE Transactions on Communications. - 1558-0857. ; 58:6, s. 1705-1717
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper investigates the distribution of the condition number of complex Wishart matrices. Two closely related measures are considered: the standard condition number (SCN) and the Demmel condition number (DCN), both of which have important applications in the context of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems, as well as in various branches of mathematics. We first present a novel generic framework for the SCN distribution which accounts for both central and non-central Wishart matrices of arbitrary dimension. This result is a simple unified expression which involves only a single scalar integral, and therefore allows for fast and efficient computation. For the case of dual Wishart matrices, we derive new exact polynomial expressions for both the SCN and DCN distributions. We also formulate a new closed-form expression for the tail SCN distribution which applies for correlated central Wishart matrices of arbitrary dimension and demonstrates an interesting connection to the maximum eigenvalue moments of Wishart matrices of smaller dimension. Based on our analytical results, we gain valuable insights into the statistical behavior of the channel conditioning for various MIMO fading scenarios, such as uncorrelated/semi-correlated Rayleigh fading and Ricean fading.
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