| 1. |
- Alffenaar, J. W. C., et al.
(författare)
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Clinical standards for the dosing and management of TB drugs
- 2022
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. - Paris, France : International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. - 1027-3719 .- 1815-7920. ; 26:6, s. 483-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Optimal drug dosing is important to ensure adequate response to treatment, prevent development of drug resistance and reduce drug toxicity. The aim of these clinical standards is to provide guidance on 'best practice' for dosing and management of TB drugs.Methods: A panel of 57 global experts in the fields of microbiology, pharmacology and TB care were identified; 51 participated in a Delphi process. A 5-point Likert scale was used to score draft standards. The final document represents the broad consensus and was approved by all participants.Results: Six clinical standards were defined: Standard 1, defining the most appropriate initial dose for TB treatment; Standard 2, identifying patients who may be at risk of sub-optimal drug exposure; Standard 3, identifying patients at risk of developing drug-related toxicity and how best to manage this risk; Standard 4, identifying patients who can benefit from therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM); Standard 5, highlighting education and counselling that should be provided to people initiating TB treatment; and Standard 6, providing essential education for healthcare professionals. In addition, consensus research priorities were identified.Conclusion: This is the first consensus-based Clinical Standards for the dosing and management of TB drugs to guide clinicians and programme managers in planning and implementation of locally appropriate measures for optimal person-centred treatment to improve patient care.
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| 2. |
- Bouwmeester, S, et al.
(författare)
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Registered Replication Report: Rand, Greene, and Nowak (2012) : Multilab direct replication of: Study 7 from Rand, D. G., Greene, J. D., & Nowak, M. A. (2012) Spontaneous giving and calculated greed. Nature, 489, 427–430.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Perspectives on Psychological Science. - : Sage Publications. - 1745-6916 .- 1745-6924. ; 12:3, s. 527-542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an anonymous 4-person economic game, participants contributed more money to a common project (i.e., cooperated) when required to decide quickly than when forced to delay their decision (Rand, Greene & Nowak, 2012), a pattern consistent with the social heuristics hypothesis proposed by Rand and colleagues. The results of studies using time pressure have been mixed, with some replication attempts observing similar patterns (e.g., Rand et al., 2014) and others observing null effects (e.g., Tinghög et al., 2013; Verkoeijen & Bouwmeester, 2014). This Registered Replication Report (RRR) assessed the size and variability of the effect of time pressure on cooperative decisions by combining 21 separate, preregistered replications of the critical conditions from Study 7 of the original article (Rand et al., 2012). The primary planned analysis used data from all participants who were randomly assigned to conditions and who met the protocol inclusion criteria (an intent-to-treat approach that included the 65.9% of participants in the time-pressure condition and 7.5% in the forced-delay condition who did not adhere to the time constraints), and we observed a difference in contributions of −0.37 percentage points compared with an 8.6 percentage point difference calculated from the original data. Analyzing the data as the original article did, including data only for participants who complied with the time constraints, the RRR observed a 10.37 percentage point difference in contributions compared with a 15.31 percentage point difference in the original study. In combination, the results of the intent-to-treat analysis and the compliant-only analysis are consistent with the presence of selection biases and the absence of a causal effect of time pressure on cooperation.
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| 3. |
- Vijay, Kritika, et al.
(författare)
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Magneto-strain effects in 2D ferromagnetic van der Waal material CrGeTe3
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The idea of strain based manipulation of spins in magnetic two-dimensional (2D) van der Waal (vdW) materials leads to the development of new generation spintronic devices. Magneto-strain arises in these materials due to the thermal fluctuations and magnetic interactions which influences both the lattice dynamics and the electronic bands. Here, we report the mechanism of magneto-strain effects in a vdW material CrGeTe3 across the ferromagnetic (FM) transition. We find an isostructural transition in CrGeTe3 across the FM ordering with first order type lattice modulation. Larger in-plane lattice contraction than out-of-plane give rise to magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The signature of magneto-strain effects in the electronic structure are shift of the bands away from the Fermi level, band broadening and the twinned bands in the FM phase. We find that the in-plane lattice contraction increases the on-site Coulomb correlation (U-eff) between Cr atoms resulting in the band shift. Out-of plane lattice contraction enhances the d - p hybridization between Cr-Ge and Cr-Te atoms which lead to band broadening and strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in FM phase. The interplay between U(eff )and SOC out-of-plane gives rise to the twinned bands associated with the interlayer interactions while the in-plane interactions gives rise to the 2D spin polarized states in the FM phase.
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| 4. |
- Ohlson, Martin, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Profile Analysis for a Growth Curve Model
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this talk, we consider profile analysis of several groups where subvectors of the mean vectors are equal. This leads to a profile analysis in a growth curve model. The likelihood ratio statistics are given for the three hypotheses known in literature as parallelism, level hypothesis and flatness. Furthermore, exact and asymptotic distributions are given in the relevant cases.
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| 5. |
- Ohlson, Martin, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Profile Analysis for a Growth Curve Model
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of the Japan Statistical Society. - 1882-2754 .- 1348-6365. ; 40:1, s. 1-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we consider profile analysis of several groups where the groups have partly equal means. This leads to a profile analysis for a growth curve model. The likelihood ratio statistics are given for the three hypotheses known in literature as parallelism, level hypothesis and flatness. Furthermore, exact and asymptotic distributions are given in the relevant cases.
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| 6. |
- Srivastava, Muni S., et al.
(författare)
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Profile Analysis with Random-Effects Covariance Structure
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of the Japan Statistical Society. - : The Japan Statistical Society. - 1882-2754 .- 1348-6365. ; 42:2, s. 145-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we consider a parallel profile model for several groups. Given the parallel profile model we construct tests based on the likelihood ratio, without any restrictions on the parameter space, testing the covariance matrix for random-effects structure or sphericity. Furthermore, given both the parallel profile and random- effects covariance structure the level hypothesis is tested. The attained significance levels and the empirical powers for the given tests in this paper are compared with the tests given by Yokoyama and Fujikoshi (1993) and Yokoyama (1995).
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| 7. |
- Srivastava, Muni S., et al.
(författare)
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Test for the mean matrix in a Growth Curve model for high dimensions
- 2017
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Ingår i: Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0361-0926 .- 1532-415X. ; 46:13, s. 6668-6683
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we consider the problem of testing (a) sphericity and (b) intraclass covariance structure under a Growth Curve model. The maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for the mean in a Growth Curve model is a weighted estimator with the inverse of the sample covariance matrix which is unstable for large p close to N and singular for p larger than N. The MLE for the covariance matrix is based on the MLE for the mean, which can be very poor for p close to N. For both structures (a) and (b), we modify the MLE for the mean to an unweighted estimator and based on this estimator we propose a new estimator for the covariance matrix. This new estimator leads to new tests for (a) and (b). We also propose two other tests for each structure, which are just based on the sample covariance matrix.To compare the performance of all four tests we compute for each structure (a) and (b) the attained significance level and the empirical power. We show that one of the tests based on the sample covariance matrix is better than the likelihood ratio test based on the MLE.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Srivastava, Muni S., et al.
(författare)
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Testing Some Covariance Structures under a Growth Curve Model in High Dimension
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- fIn this paper we consider the problem of testing (a) sphericity and (b) intraclass covariance structure under a Growth Curve model. The maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for the mean in a Growth Curve model is a weighted estimator with the inverse of the sample covariance matrix which is unstable for large p close to N and singular for p larger than N. The MLE for the covariance matrix is based on the MLE for the mean, which can be very poor for p close to N. or both structures (a) and (b), we modify the MLE for the mean to n unweighted estimator and based on this estimator we propose a new estimator for the covariance matrix. This new estimator leads to new tests for (a) and (b). We also propose two other tests for each structure, which are just based on the sample covariance matrix. To compare the performance of all four tests we compute or each structure (a) and (b) the attained signicance level and the empirical power. We show that one of the tests based on the sample covariance matrix is better than the likelihood ratio test based on the MLE.
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| 10. |
- Srivastava, Muni S., et al.
(författare)
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Testing sphericity and intraclass covariance structures under a Growth Curve model in high dimension
- 2017
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Ingår i: Communications in statistics. Simulation and computation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0361-0918 .- 1532-4141. ; 46:7, s. 5740-5751
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we consider the problem of testing (a) sphericity and (b) intraclass covariance structure under a growth curve model. The maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for the mean in a growth curve model is a weighted estimator with the inverse of the sample covariance matrix which is unstable for large p close to N and singular for p larger than N. The MLE for the covariance matrix is based on the MLE for the mean, which can be very poor for p close to N. For both structures (a) and (b), we modify the MLE for the mean to an unweighted estimator and based on this estimator we propose a new estimator for the covariance matrix. This new estimator leads to new tests for (a) and (b). We also propose two other tests for each structure, which are just based on the sample covariance matrix.To compare the performance of all four tests we compute for each structure (a) and (b) the attained significance level and the empirical power. We show that one of the tests based on the sample covariance matrix is better than the likelihood ratio test based on the MLE.
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