| 1. |
- Blösch, Günter, et al.
(författare)
-
Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) - a community perspective
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 64:10, s. 1141-1158
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.
|
|
| 2. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 3. |
- Stopfel, Henry, et al.
(författare)
-
Magnetic order and energy-scale hierarchy in articial spin ice structures
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 98
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to explain and predict the properties of many physical systems, it is essential to understand the interplay of different energy scales. Here we present investigations of the magnetic order in thermalized artificial spin-ice structures, with different activation energies of the interacting Ising-like elements. We image the thermally equilibrated magnetic states of the nanostructures using synchrotron-based magnetic microscopy. By comparing results obtained from structures with one or two different activation energies, we demonstrate a clear impact on the resulting magnetic order. The differences are obtained by the analysis of the magnetic spin structure factors, in which the role of the activation energies is manifested by distinct short-range order. These results highlight the potential of artificial spin-ice structures to serve as model systems for designing various energy-scale hierarchies and investigating their impact on the collective dynamics and magnetic order.
|
|
| 4. |
- Murray, Richard, et al.
(författare)
-
Future Directions in Control in an Information-rich World
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Control Systems Magazine. - 0272-1708. ; 23:2, s. 20-33
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Panel on Future Directions in Control, Dynamics, and Systems was formed in April 2000 to provide a renewed vision of future challenges and opportunities in the control field, along with recommendations to government agencies, universities, and research organizations to ensure continued progress in areas of importance to the industrial and defense base. The panel released a report in April 2002, the intent of which is to raise the overall visibility of research in control, highlight its importance in applications of national interest, and indicate some of the key trends that are important for continued vitality of the field. After a brief introduction, we summarize the report, discuss its applications and education and outreach, and conclude with some recommendations.
|
|
| 5. |
- Newsom, Horton E., et al.
(författare)
-
Gale crater and impact processes – Curiosity’s first 364 Sols on Mars
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Icarus. - : Elsevier BV. - 0019-1035 .- 1090-2643. ; 249, s. 108-128
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Impact processes at all scales have been involved in the formation and subsequent evolution of Gale crater. Small impact craters in the vicinity of the Curiosity MSL landing site and rover traverse during the 364 Sols after landing have been studied both from orbit and the surface. Evidence for the effect of impacts on basement outcrops may include loose blocks of sandstone and conglomerate, and disrupted (fractured) sedimentary layers, which are not obviously displaced by erosion. Impact ejecta blankets are likely to be present, but in the absence of distinct glass or impact melt phases are difficult to distinguish from sedimentary/volcaniclastic breccia and conglomerate deposits. The occurrence of individual blocks with diverse petrological characteristics, including igneous textures, have been identified across the surface of Bradbury Rise, and some of these blocks may represent distal ejecta from larger craters in the vicinity of Gale. Distal ejecta may also occur in the form of impact spherules identified in the sediments and drift material. Possible examples of impactites in the form of shatter cones, shocked rocks, and ropy textured fragments of materials that may have been molten have been observed, but cannot be uniquely confirmed. Modification by aeolian processes of craters smaller than 40 m in diameter observed in this study, are indicated by erosion of crater rims, and infill of craters with aeolian and airfall dust deposits. Estimates for resurfacing suggest that craters less than 15 m in diameter may represent steady state between production and destruction. The smallest candidate impact crater observed is ∼0.6 m in diameter. The observed crater record and other data are consistent with a resurfacing rate of the order of 10 mm/Myr; considerably greater than the rate from impact cratering alone, but remarkably lower than terrestrial erosion rates.
|
|
| 6. |
- Stein, G.J., et al.
(författare)
-
Modelling and simulation of a fore-and-aft driver’s seat suspension system with road excitation
- 2008
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 38:5-6, s. 396-409
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a simplified simulation of two configurations of the fore-and-aft seat suspension system. A fore-and-aft suspension system model was proposed based on the laboratory measurements of the seat vibration isolation performance. Friction was identified as an important parameter, so different approaches to simulating the suspension friction were investigated. Predicted seat vibration mitigation properties were compared with those measured in the laboratory in response to the recordings of the fore-and-aft vibration measured at the base of the driver's seat in an on-road tractor-trailer combination (articulated truck). Optimisation of the suspension elements parameters was then performed to identify the maximum attainable attenuation. A solution incorporating supercritical suspension damping predicted to give an improvement of the order of 10% in the x-direction mitigation properties as compared to a fixed (locked) horizontal suspension system.Relevance to the industry: Simulations conducted in this study are of use to seat manufacturers in developing the fore-and-aft seat suspension systems with improved vibration mitigation properties and for predicting its dynamic performance. The optimisation study shows the attainable vibration mitigation limits for a horizontal suspension system.
|
|
| 7. |
- Åström, Karl Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Control in an Information Rich World: Report of the Panel on Future Directions in Control, Dynamics, and Systems
- 2003
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The field of control provides the principles and methods used to design physical and information systems that maintain desirable performance by sensing and automatically adapting to changes in the environment. This report spells out some of the prospects for control in the current and future technological environment, describes the role the field will play in military, commercial, and scientific applications over the next decade, and recommends actions required to enable new breakthroughs in engineering and technology through the application of control research. This brief yet thorough report provides renewed vision, a detailed list of new application areas, and specific recommendations for future research directions in control, dynamics, and systems, compiled by experts in the field.
|
|
