| 1. |
- Sbarra, AN, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping routine measles vaccination in low- and middle-income countries
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 589:7842, s. 415-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The safe, highly effective measles vaccine has been recommended globally since 1974, yet in 2017 there were more than 17 million cases of measles and 83,400 deaths in children under 5 years old, and more than 99% of both occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)1–4. Globally comparable, annual, local estimates of routine first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) coverage are critical for understanding geographically precise immunity patterns, progress towards the targets of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), and high-risk areas amid disruptions to vaccination programmes caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)5–8. Here we generated annual estimates of routine childhood MCV1 coverage at 5 × 5-km2pixel and second administrative levels from 2000 to 2019 in 101 LMICs, quantified geographical inequality and assessed vaccination status by geographical remoteness. After widespread MCV1 gains from 2000 to 2010, coverage regressed in more than half of the districts between 2010 and 2019, leaving many LMICs far from the GVAP goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019. MCV1 coverage was lower in rural than in urban locations, although a larger proportion of unvaccinated children overall lived in urban locations; strategies to provide essential vaccination services should address both geographical contexts. These results provide a tool for decision-makers to strengthen routine MCV1 immunization programmes and provide equitable disease protection for all children.
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| 2. |
- Ardila-Ardila, A., et al.
(författare)
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HUMANS: una batería neuropsicologica para la evaluación de pacientes infectados con VIH-1 : [Humans: a neuropsychological battery for evaluating HIV-1 infected patients]
- 2003
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Ingår i: Revista de Neurocirugía. - 1514-3716. ; 36:8, s. 756-762
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To develop a neuropsychological test battery in Spanish for the cognitive evaluation of HIV-1 infected patients. Development. Departing from the suggestions presented by the work group of the National Institute of Mental Health (USA), a neuropsychological assessment battery was developed. It was named HUMANS (HIV/University of Miami Annotated Neuropsychological test battery in Spanish). This battery includes the following domains: 1) attention and speed of processing information, 2) memory, 3) executive function, 4) language, 5) visuospacial/visuoconstructive abilities, and 6) motor abilities. Administration takes about 3-4 hours. The English parallel version of this battery has been successfully used in English for over a decade with HIV-1 infected patients. In the paper the development and adaptation to Spanish language of the HUMANS neuropsychology section is presented Conclusions. HUMANS neuropsychological test battery fulfill the recommendations presented by the workgroup of the National Institute of Mental Health for evaluating HIV-1 infected patients. Studies regarding validity and reliability are still required.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Wilkie, F. L., et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive functioning in younger and older HIV-1 - Infected adults
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 1525-4135 .- 1944-7884. ; 33, s. S93-S105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In young adults, a major neurologic complication of HIV-1 infection is cognitive motor impairment. Epidemiologic findings suggest that increasing age is a significant risk factor for HIV-1-associated dementia as the AIDS-defining illness. Findings from the few studies that have directly measured cognition in younger and older HIV-1-infected adults, however, have been mixed, in pan, because of small sample sizes and other methodologic differences between studies. The authors present preliminary findings on cognitive functioning in symptomatic HIV-1-infected younger (aged 20-39 years) and older (aged 50 years or older) adults. Independent of age, HIV-1 infection was accompanied by learning and memory retrieval deficits, which were significantly associated with high plasma viral loads in the young adults. Relative to the younger and older HIV-1-negative (HIV-1-) groups, only the younger HIV-1-positive (HIV-1(+))group had significantly longer reaction times (RTs). Within the older HIV-1(+) group, however, longer simple and choice RTs were significantly correlated with higher viral loads and lower CD4 cell counts. Although HIV-1 infection affects cognition independent of age, longitudinal studies involving large numbers of older individuals are needed to determine whether there are age differences in the prevalence, nature, and severity of HIV-1-associated cognitive dysfunction.
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| 5. |
- Wilkie, F. L., et al.
(författare)
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HUMANS : An English and Spanish neuropsychological test battery for assessing HIV-1-infected individuals - Initial report
- 2004
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Ingår i: Applied neuropsychology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0908-4282 .- 1532-4826. ; 11:3, s. 121-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A neuropsychological battery for testing HIV-1-infected individuals in Spanish was developed. We refer to this battery as the HIV/University of Miami Annotated Neuropsychological test battery in Spanish (HUMANS). The HUMANS battery includes recommendations of the National Institute of Mental Health Neuropsychology Workgroup on HIV-1 infection and measures processes in the following 7 cognitive domains: attention, verbal and visual memory, information processing speed, abstraction and executive functioning, language, visuospatial and visuo-constructive, and motor Administration requires approximately 3 to 4 hr The English version of the battery is sensitive to HIV-1 serostatus and Centers for Disease Control clinical disease stage. We report on the test selection, translation, and adaptation of this parallel English battery into Spanish using methods to eliminate linguistically and culturally biased items in some tests. The importance of standardized neuropsychological instruments equivalent in different languages to test HIV-1-positive individuals for impairment is emphasized. Validation and reliability studies are in progress.
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