| 1. |
- Raninen, J., et al.
(författare)
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One explanation to rule them all? : Identifying sub-groups of non-drinking Swedish ninth graders
- 2018
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Ingår i: Drug and Alcohol Review. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0959-5236 .- 1465-3362. ; 37, s. S42-S48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction and Aims: Researchers in a number of countries have recently identified major changes in adolescent alcohol consumption since the early 2000s, with the prevalence of teenage drinking more than halving in some countries. The major aims of the current study are to examine if there are sub-groups among non-drinking Swedish ninth graders and to describe how the prevalence of these groups has changed during the period 1999 to 2015. Design and Methods: Data from five waves of the Swedish European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs study was used. The data covered 16 years and the total sample comprised 14 976 students. Latent class analysis was used to identify sub-groups of non-drinkers (n = 4267) based on parental approval towards drinking, parental monitoring, leisure time activities, school performance and use of other substances. Results: Five latent classes were found: computer gamers (8.3%), strict parents (36.5%), liberal parents (27.0%), controlling but liberal parents (16.6%) and sports (11.6%). In the non-drinking sub-group the strict parents group increased most between 1999 and 2015. Discussion and Conclusions: The results imply that there is notable within-group diversity in non-drinking youth. Several mechanisms and explanations are thus likely to be behind the decline in drinking participation among Swedish adolescents.
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| 2. |
- Ljung, Thomas, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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The activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system in relation to waist/hip circumference ratio in men
- 2000
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Ingår i: Obesity Research. - : Wiley. - 1071-7323 .- 1550-8528. ; 8, s. 487-495
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate possible differences, between generally and abdominally obese men, in activity and regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system.Research Methods and Procedures: Fifty non-diabetic, middle-aged men were selected to obtain two groups with similar body mass index (BMI) but different waist/hip circumference ratio (WHR). Measurements were performed of the activity of the HPA axis and the sympathetic nervous system, as well as metabolic and endocrine variables.Results: Men with a high WHR, in comparisons with men with a low WHR, had higher insulin, glucose, and triglyceride values in the basal state and higher glucose and insulin after an oral glucose tolerance test. Men with high WHR had elevated diurnal adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) values but similar cortisol values, except lower cortisol values in the morning. Diurnal growth hormone concentrations showed reduced peak size. Stimulation of the HPA axis with corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and laboratory stress showed no difference in ACTH values between groups, but cortisol values were lower in-men with high WHR. In comparison with men with a low WHR, men with a high WHR had elevated pulse pressure and heart rate in the basal state and after challenges by CRH and laboratory stress. They also had increased urinary excretion of catecholamine metabolites.Discussion: These results suggest a mild dysregulation of the HPA axis, occurring with elevated WHR independent of the BMI. The results also indicate a central activation of the sympathetic nervous system, such as in the early phases of hypertension, correlating with insulin resistance.
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| 3. |
- Strömsöe, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Association between population density and reported incidence, characteristics and outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - London : Elsevier. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 82:10, s. 1307-1313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To describe the reported incidence of out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and the characteristics and outcome after OHCA in relation to population density in Sweden. Methods All patients participating in the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Register between 2008 and 2009 in (a) 20 of 21 regions (n = 6457) and in (b) 165 of 292 municipalities (n = 3522) in Sweden, took part in the survey. Results The regional population density varied between 3 and 310 inhabitants per km2 in 2009. In 2008–2009, the number of reported cardiac arrests varied between 13 and 52 per 100,000 inhabitants and year. Survival to 1 month varied between 2% and 14% during the same period in different regions. With regard to population density, based on municipalities, bystander CPR (p = 0.04) as well as cardiac etiology (p = 0.002) were more frequent in less populated areas. Ambulance response time was longer in less populated areas (p < 0.0001). There was no significant association between population density and survival to 1 month after OHCA or incidence (adjusted for age and gender) of OHCA. Conclusion There was no significant association between population density and survival to 1 month after OHCA or incidence (adjusted for age and gender) of OHCA. However, bystander CPR, cardiac etiology and longer response times were more frequent in less populated areas.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Strömsöe, Anneli, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Improvements in logistics could increase survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 273:6, s. 622-627
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. In a review based on estimations and assumptions, to report the estimated number of survivors after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was started and to speculate about possible future improvements in Sweden.Design. An observational study. Setting All ambulance organisations in Sweden. Subjects Patients included in the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Registry who suffered an OHCA between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2010. Approximately 80% of OHCA cases in Sweden in which CPR was started are included. Interventions NoneResults. In 11005 patients, the 1-month survival rate was 9.4%. There are approximately 5000 OHCA cases annually in which CPR is started and 30-day survival is achieved in up to 500 patients yearly (6 per 100000 inhabitants). Based on findings on survival in relation to the time to calling for the Emergency Medical Service (EMS) and the start of CPR and defibrillation, it was estimated that, if the delay from collapse to (i) calling EMS, (ii) the start of CPR, and (iii) the time to defibrillation were reduced to <2min, <2min, and <8min, respectively, 300400 additional lives could be saved.Conclusion. Based on findings relating to the delay to calling for the EMS and the start of CPR and defibrillation, we speculate that 300400 additional OHCA patients yearly (4 per 100000 inhabitants) could be saved in Sweden.
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