| 1. |
- Oscarsson Tibblin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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To continue or discontinue aspirin in the perioperative period: a randomized, controlled clinical trial
- 2010
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Ingår i: British Journal of Anaesthesia. - : Elsevier BV. - 0007-0912 .- 1471-6771. ; 104:3, s. 305-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) are a common cause of deathafter non-cardiac surgery. Despite evidence for the benefitof aspirin for secondary prevention, it is often discontinuedin the perioperative period due to the risk of bleeding. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlledtrial in order to compare the effect of low-dose aspirin withthat of placebo on myocardial damage, cardiovascular, and bleedingcomplications in high-risk patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.Aspirin (75 mg) or placebo was given 7 days before surgery andcontinued until the third postoperative day. Patients were followedup for 30 days after surgery. Results: A total of 220 patients were enrolled, 109 patients receivedaspirin and 111 received placebo. Four patients (3.7%) in theaspirin group and 10 patients (9.0%) in the placebo group hadelevated troponin T levels in the postoperative period (P=0.10).Twelve patients (5.4%) had an MACE during the first 30 postoperativedays. Two of these patients (1.8%) were in the aspirin groupand 10 patients (9.0%) were in the placebo group (P=0.02). Treatmentwith aspirin resulted in a 7.2% absolute risk reduction [95%confidence interval (CI), 1.3–13%] for postoperative MACE.The relative risk reduction was 80% (95% CI, 9.2–95%).Numbers needed to treat were 14 (95% CI, 7.6–78). No significantdifferences in bleeding complications were seen between thetwo groups. Conclusions: In high-risk patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery, perioperativeaspirin reduced the risk of MACE without increasing bleedingcomplications. However, the study was not powered to evaluatebleeding complications.
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| 2. |
- Alfredsson, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of an invasive strategy on 5 years outcome in men and women with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Heart Journal. - : Elsevier. - 0002-8703 .- 1097-6744. ; 168:4, s. 522-529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background A routine invasive (RI) strategy in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE ACS) has been associated with better outcome compared with a selective invasive (SI) strategy in men, but results in women have yielded disparate results. The aim of this study was to assess gender differences in long-term outcome with an SI compared with an RI strategy in NSTE ACS. Methods Individual patient data were obtained from the FRISC II trial, ICTUS trial, and RITA 3 trial for a collaborative meta-analysis. Results Men treated with an RI strategy had significantly lower rate of the primary outcome 5-year cardiovascular (CV) death/myocardial infarction (MI) compared with men treated with an SI strategy (15.6% vs 19.8%, P = .001); risk-adjusted hazards ratio (HR) 0.73 (95% CI 0.63-0.86). In contrast, there was little impact of an RI compared with an SI strategy on the primary outcome among women (16.5% vs 15.1%, P = .324); risk-adjusted HR 1.13 (95% CI 0.89-1.43), interaction P = .01. For the individual components of the primary outcome, a similar pattern was seen with lower rate of MI (adjusted HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.57-0.83) and CV death (adjusted HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.56-0.89) in men but without obvious difference in women in MI (adjusted HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.85-1.50) or CV death (adjusted HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.68-1.39). Conclusions In this meta-analysis comparing an SI and RI strategy, benefit from an RI strategy during long-term follow-up was confirmed in men. Conversely, in women, there was no evidence of benefit.
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| 3. |
- Oscarsson Tibblin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of cardiac events in high-risk patients undergoing emergency surgery
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 53:8, s. 986-994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of myocardial damage and left ventricular myocardial dysfunction and their influence on outcome in high-risk patients undergoing non-elective surgery.Methods: In this prospective observational study, 211 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists classification III or IV undergoing emergent or urgent surgery were included. Troponin I (TnI) was measured pre-operatively, 12 and 48 h post-operatively. Pre-operative N-terminal fragment of B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), as a marker for left ventricular systolic dysfunction, was analyzed. The diagnostic thresholds were set to TnI andgt; 0.06 mu g/l and NT-proBNP andgt; 1800 pg/ml, respectively. Post-operative major adverse cardiac events (MACE), 30-day and 3-months mortality were recorded.Results: Elevated TnI levels were detected in 33% of the patients post-operatively. A TnI elevation increased the risk of MACE (35% vs. 3% in patients with normal TnI levels, P andlt; 0.001) and 30-day mortality (23% vs. 7%, P=0.003). Increased concentrations of NT-proBNP were seen in 59% of the patients. Elevated NT-proBNP was an independent predictor of myocardial damage post-operatively, odds ratio, 6.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1-18.0] and resulted in an increased risk of MACE (21% vs. 2.5% in patients with NT-proBNP andlt; 1800 pg/ml, P andlt; 0.001).Conclusion: Myocardial damage is common in a high-risk population undergoing unscheduled surgery. These results suggest a close correlation between myocardial damage in the post-operative period and increased concentration of NT-proBNP before surgery. The combinations of TnI and NT-proBNP are reliable markers for monitoring patients at risk in the peri-operative period as well as useful tools in our risk assessment pre-operatively in emergency surgery.
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| 4. |
- Sederholm Lawesson, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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A gender perspective on short- and long term mortality in ST-elevation myocardial infarction : a report from the SWEDEHEART register
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 18:2, s. 1041-1047
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous studies of patients admitted for ST-elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] have indicated that women have a higher risk of early mortality than do men. These studies have presented limited information on gender related differences in the short term and almost no information on the long term. Methods and results: We analysed a prospective, consecutively included STEMI population consisting of 54,146 patients (35% women). This population consists of almost all patients hospitalised in Sweden between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2006 as recorded in the SWEDEHEART register (formerly RIKS-HIA). Follow-up time ranged from one to 13 years (mean 4.6). Women had a lower probability of being given reperfusion therapy, odds ratio [OR] 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79-0.88). During the time these STEMI patients were in the hospital, 13% of the women and 7% of men died, multivariable adjusted OR 1.21 (95% CI 1.11-1.32). During the follow up period, 46% of the women died as compared with 32% of the men. There was, however, no gender difference in age-adjusted risk of long term mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.98, 95% CI 0.95-1.01) whereas the multivariable adjusted risk was lower in women (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.89-0.96). The long term risk of re-infarction was the same in men and women (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.93-1.03) whereas men in the youngest group had a higher risk than women in that age group (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.72-0.94). Conclusion: In STEMI, women had a higher risk of in-hospital mortality but the long-term risk of death was higher in men. More studies are needed in the primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) era that are designed to determine why women fare worse than men after STEMI during the first phase when they are in hospital
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| 5. |
- Sederholm Lawesson, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and prognostic impact of chronic kidney disease in STEMI from a gender perspective : data from the SWEDEHEART register, a large Swedish prospective cohort.
- 2015
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 5:6, s. e008188-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Gender differences in prevalence and prognostic impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have been poorly evaluated. In STEMI, female gender has been independently associated with an increased risk of mortality. CKD has been found to be an important prognostic marker in myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to evaluate gender differences in prevalence and prognostic impact of CKD on short-term and long-term mortality.DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study.SETTING: The national quality register SWEDEHEART was used. In the beginning of the study period, 94% of the Swedish coronary care units contributed data to the register, which subsequently increased to 100%. The glomerular filtration rate was estimated (eGFR) according to Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study (MDRD) and Cockcroft-Gault (CG).PARTICIPANTS: All patients with STEMI registered in SWEDEHEART from the years 2003-2009 were included (37,991 patients, 66% men).MAIN RESULTS: Women had 1.6 (MDRD) to 2.2 (CG) times higher multivariable adjusted risk of CKD. Half of the women had CKD according to CG. CKD was associated with 2-2.5 times higher risk of in-hospital mortality and approximately 1.5 times higher risk of long-term mortality in both genders. Each 10 mL/min decline of eGFR was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital and long-term mortality (22-33% and 9-16%, respectively) and this did not vary significantly by gender. Both in-hospital and long-term mortality were doubled in women. After multivariable adjustment including eGFR, there was no longer any gender difference in early outcome and the long-term outcome was better in women.CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with STEMI, female gender was independently associated with CKD. Reduced eGFR was a strong independent risk factor for short-term and long-term mortality without a significant gender difference in prognostic impact and seems to be an important reason why women have higher mortality than men with STEMI.
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| 6. |
- Sederholm Lawesson, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and prognostic impact of renal insufficiency in STEMI from a gender perspective : data from a large prospective cohort
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Data indicate that female gender may be associated with increased risk of RI in MI but also that presence of RI has higher prognostic impact in women. In case of ST-elevation MI [STEMI], women have higher adjusted mortality compared to men but RI has seldom been taken into account. Methods and Results: All STEMI patients registered in the Swedish national quality register SWEDEHEART between 2003 and 2009 were included (37991 patients, 66% men). Based on s-creatinine on admission, glomerular filtration rate [GFR] was estimated according to MDRD and Cockcroft-Gault [CG]. RI was defined as eGFR below 60 mL/min. Women had 1.6-2.2 times higher multivariable adjusted risk of RI and half of all women had RI according to CG. RI was associated with 2-2.5 times higher risk of in-hospital and approximately 1.5 times higher risk of long-term mortality in both genders. Each 10 mL/min decline of eGFR was associated with 22-33% and 9-16% increased risk of in-hospital and. long-term mortality, respectively. There was no significant interaction between gender and eGFR regarding outcome. Both in-hospital and long-term mortality was twice as high in women but after adjusting for eGFR according to CG, there was no longer any gender difference in early outcome and long term outcome was better in women. Conclusions: Among STEMI patients 1) Female sex was independently associated with RI 2) Reduced eGFR regardless of used formula was a strong independent risk factor for mortality without a significant gender difference in prognostic impact. 3) Reduced eGFR (according to CG) appeared to be a main explanatory variable to the higher mortality in women.
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| 7. |
- Sederholm Lawesson, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Time trends in STEMI—improved treatment and outcome but still a gender gap : a prospective observational cohort study from the SWEDEHEART register
- 2012
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 2:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective In ST elevation myocardial infarction women received less evidence-based medicine and had worse outcome during the fibrinolytic era. With the shift to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) as preferred reperfusion strategy, the authors aimed to investigate whether these gender differences has diminished.Design, setting and participants Cohort study including consecutive ST elevation myocardial infarction patients registered 1998–2000 (n=15 697) and 2004–2006 (n=14 380) in the Register of Information and Knowledge about Swedish Heart Intensive care Admissions.Outcome measures 1. Use of evidence-based medicine such as reperfusion therapy (pPCI or fibrinolysis) and evidence-based drugs at discharge. 2. Inhospital and 1-year mortality.Results Of those who got reperfusion therapy, pPCI was the choice in 9% in the early period compared with 68% in the late period. In the early period, reperfusion therapy was given to 63% of women versus 71% of men, p<0.001. Corresponding figures in the late period were 64% vs 75%, p<0.001. After multivariable adjustments, the ORs (women vs men) were 0.86 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.94) in the early and 0.80 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.89) in the late period. As regards evidence-based secondary preventive drugs at discharge in hospital survivors (platelet inhibitors, statins, ACE inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and β-blockers), there were small gender differences in the early period. In the late period, women had 14%–25% less chance of receiving these drugs, OR 0.75 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.81) through 0.86 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.00). In both periods, multivariable-adjusted inhospital mortality was higher in women, OR 1.18 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.36) and 1.21 (1.00 to 1.46). One-year mortality was gender equal, HR 0.95 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.05) and 0.96 (0.86 to 1.08), after adding evidence-based medicine to the multivariable adjustments.Conclusion In spite of an intense gender debate, focus on guideline adherence and the change in reperfusion strategy, the last decade gender differences in use of reperfusion therapy and evidence-based therapy at discharge did not decline during the study period, rather the opposite. Moreover, higher mortality in women persisted.
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