| 1. |
- Shui, Irene M, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variation in the toll-like receptor 4 and prostate cancer incidence and mortality
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Prostate. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0270-4137 .- 1097-0045. ; 72:2, s. 209-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Common genetic variants in the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which is involved in inflammation and immune response pathways, may be important for prostate cancer.METHODS: In a large nested case-control study of prostate cancer in the Physicians' Health Study (1982-2004), 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected and genotyped to capture common variation within the TLR4 gene as well as 5 kb up and downstream. Unconditional logistic regression was used to assess associations of these SNPs with total prostate cancer incidence, and with prostate cancers defined as advanced stage/lethal (T3/T4, M1/N1(T1-T4), lethal) or high Gleason grade (7 (4 + 3) or greater). Cox-proportional hazards regression was used to assess progression to metastases and death among prostate cancer cases.RESULTS: The study included 1,267 controls and 1,286 incident prostate cancer cases, including 248 advanced stage/lethal and 306 high grade cases. During a median follow-up of 10.6 years, 183 men died of prostate cancer or developed distant metastases. No statistically significant associations between the TLR4 SNPs were found for total prostate cancer incidence, including SNPs for which an association was reported in other published studies. Additionally, there were no significant associations with TLR4 SNPS and the incidence of advanced stage/lethal, or high grade cancers; nor was there evidence among prostate cancer cases for associations of TLR4 SNPs with progression to prostate cancer specific mortality or bony metastases.CONCLUSIONS: Results from this prospective nested case-control study suggest that genetic variation across TLR4 alone is not strongly associated with prostate cancer risk or mortality.
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| 2. |
- Lu, Donghao, et al.
(författare)
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A shared genetic contribution to breast cancer and schizophrenia.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An association between schizophrenia and subsequent breast cancer has been suggested; however the risk of schizophrenia following a breast cancer is unknown. Moreover, the driving forces of the link are largely unclear. Here, we report the phenotypic and genetic positive associations of schizophrenia with breast cancer and vice versa, based on a Swedish population-based cohort and GWAS data from international consortia. We observe a genetic correlation of 0.14 (95% CI 0.09-0.19) and identify a shared locus at 19p13 (GATAD2A) associated with risks of breast cancer and schizophrenia. The epidemiological bidirectional association between breast cancer and schizophrenia may partly be explained by the genetic overlap between the two phenotypes and, hence, shared biological mechanisms.
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| 3. |
- Lu, Donghao, et al.
(författare)
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Association Between Childhood Body Size and Premenstrual Disorders in Young Adulthood
- 2022
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Ingår i: JAMA Network Open. - : American Medical Association. - 2574-3805. ; 5:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE: Emerging data suggest that more than two-thirds of premenstrual disorders (PMDs), including premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder, have symptom onset during the teen years. Adulthood adiposity has been associated with PMDs; however, the association with childhood and adolescent body size is unknown.OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between childhood and adolescent body size and risk of PMDs in young adulthood.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This prospective cohort study included 6524 US female participants from the Growing Up Today Study (1996-2013). Data were analyzed from February 26, 2020, to June 23, 2021. EXPOSURES Body mass index (BMI) was estimated using self-reported height and weight through adolescence and converted to BMI for age (z score).MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: In 2013, premenstrual symptoms and identified PMDs were assessed with a validated scale based on the Calendar of Premenstrual Experiences. The associations of BMI for age with PMDs and premenstrual symptoms were examined using log-binomial and linear regressions, respectively.RESULTS: Among 6524 participants (mean [SD] age, 26 [3.5] years; 6108 [93.6%] White), 1004 (15.4%) met the criteria for a PMD. Baseline BMI for age reported at a mean (SD) age of 12.7 (1.1) years was associated with increased risk of PMDs (confounding-adjusted relative risk, 1.09 per unit of z score; 95% Cl, 1.03-1.15) and higher burden of premenstrual symptoms (beta = 0.06; 95% CI, 0.04-0.08). Associations were particularly pronounced for premenstrual dysphoric disorder and for PMDs with symptom onset before 20 years of age and remained in the absence of psychiatric comorbidities, including depression, anxiety, and disordered eating behavior. When analyzing BMI change over time, individuals with high BMI throughout adolescence had a higher burden of premenstrual symptoms (beta = 0.17; 95% CI, 0.08-0.27) compared with those with normal BMI throughout adolescence. Individuals with high BMI early followed by a mild decrease later did not report higher premenstrual symptoms (beta = 0.06; 95% CI, 0.00-0.12).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cohort study, childhood body size was associated with PMD risk and premenstrual symptoms in young adulthood. These findings suggest that maintaining a normal body mass in childhood may be considered for lowering the burden of PMDs in adulthood.
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| 4. |
- Sigurdardottir, Lara G., et al.
(författare)
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Urinary melatonin levels, sleep disruption, and risk of prostate cancer in elderly men
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 67:2, s. 191-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Melatonin has anticarcinogenic properties in experimental models. We undertook a case-cohort study of 928 Icelandic men without prostate cancer (PCa) nested within the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility (AGES)-Reykjavik cohort to investigate the prospective association between first morning-void urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) levels and the subsequent risk for PCa, under the hypothesis that men with lower aMT6s levels have an increased risk for advanced PCa. We used weighted Cox proportional hazards models to assess the association between first morning-void aMT6s levels and PCa risk, adjusting for potential confounders. A total of 111 men were diagnosed with incident PCa, including 24 with advanced disease. Men who reported sleep problems at baseline had lower morning aMT6s levels compared with those who reported no sleep problems. Men with morning aMT6s levels below the median had a fourfold statistically significant increased risk for advanced disease compared with men with levels above the median (hazard ratio: 4.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-12.98). These results require replication in larger prospective studies with longer follow-up.Patient summary: In this report, we evaluated the prospective association between urinary aMT6s levels and risk of PCa in an Icelandic population. We found that lower levels of aMT6s were associated with an increased risk for advanced PCa.
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| 5. |
- Wang, Chengshi, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular mortality among cancer survivors who developed breast cancer as a second primary malignancy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - : American Association for Cancer Research. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 80:16
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Patients with breast cancer are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular mortality, potentially due to treatment-related cardiotoxicity, early menopause, and psychological distress. Cancer survivors who developed breast cancer as a second malignancy (BCa-2) are common and may experience cancer treatment and distress for a second time. It is however unknown whether BCa-2 patients have increased risk of cardiovascular mortality compared to patients with breast cancer as the first malignancy (BCa-1) and the cancer-free female population.Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, we conducted a cohort study including 1,024,047 patients with BCa-1 and 41,744 with BCa-2 diagnosed at age of 30 years and older during 1975-2016, and the corresponding female population of 994,415,911 person-years in the U.S.. Compared with patients with BCa-1 and the general population, we calculated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of cardiovascular deaths among patients with BCa-2 by using multivariable Poisson regression.Results: During the median follow-up of 5.9 years (interquartile range, 2.4-11.3 years), 3,550 and 71,298 cardiovascular deaths were observed in BCa-2 and BCa-1 patients. Overall, BCa-2 patients had a mildly increased risk of cardiovascular mortality compared with the general population (IRR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.10) and BCa-1 patients (IRR 1.13, 95% CI 1.10-1.17) with the adjustment of demographic factors. When comparing BCa-2 with BCa-1, the association was further independent of tumor characteristics and treatment modes (IRR 1.15, 95% CI 1.11-1.19). The elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality was mostly pronounced at age of follow-up between 30 and 79 years (IRR 1.31, 95% CI 1.23-1.40 compared with the general population; IRR 1.34, 95% CI 1.25-1.43 compared with BCa-1), whereas the risk was mildly increased, if any, at age of 80+ years compared with BCa-1 (IRR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.11). The increased risk at age of 30-79 years in BCa-2 was particularly greater within the first month after cancer diagnosis compared with the general population (IRR 3.20, 95% CI 2.34-4.38). In contrast, cardiovascular mortality rate in BCa-2 was comparable to that in BCa-1 within the first month (IRR 0.87, 95% CI 0.63-1.21).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that patients with BCa-2, particularly in patients younger than 80 years, are at increased risk of cardiovascular mortality, compared with the general population and patients with BCa-1.
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| 6. |
- Wang, Chengshi, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular mortality among cancer survivors who developed breast cancer as a second primary malignancy
- 2021
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 125:10, s. 1450-1458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To assess the risk of cardiovascular mortality among cancer survivors who developed breast cancer as a second malignancy (BCa-2) compared with patients with first primary breast cancer (BCa-1) and the general population.METHODS: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, we conducted a population-based cohort study including 1,024,047 BCa-1 and 41,744 BCa-2 patients diagnosed from the age 30 between 1975 and 2016, and the corresponding US female population (994,415,911 person-years; 5,403,551 cardiovascular deaths). Compared with the general population and BCa-1 patients, we calculated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of cardiovascular deaths among BCa-2 patients using Poisson regression. To adjust for unmeasured confounders, we performed a nested, case-crossover analysis among BCa-2 patients who died from cardiovascular disease.RESULTS: Although BCa-2 patients had a mildly increased risk of cardiovascular mortality compared with the population (IRR 1.08) and BCa-1 patients (IRR 1.15), the association was pronounced among individuals aged 30-49 years (BCa-2 vs. population: IRR 6.61; BCa-2 vs. BCa-1: IRR 3.03). The risk elevation was greatest within the first month after diagnosis, compared with the population, but comparable with BCa-1 patients. The case-crossover analysis confirmed these results.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that patients with BCa-2 are at increased risk of cardiovascular mortality.
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| 7. |
- Xie, Yuxin, et al.
(författare)
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Public health insurance and cancer-specific mortality risk among patients with breast cancer : A prospective cohort study in China
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 148:1, s. 28-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about how health insurance policies, particularly in developing countries, influence breast cancer prognosis. Here, we examined the association between individual health insurance and breast cancer-specific mortality in China. We included 7436 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2009 and 2016, at West China Hospital, Sichuan University. The health insurance plan of patient was classified as either urban or rural schemes and was also categorized as reimbursement rate (ie, the covered/total charge) below or above the median. Breast cancer-specific mortality was the primary outcome. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for cancer-specific mortality, contrasting rates among patients with a rural insurance scheme or low reimbursement rate to that of those with an urban insurance scheme or high reimbursement rate, respectively. During a median follow-up of 3.1 years, we identified 326 deaths due to breast cancer. Compared to patients covered by urban insurance schemes, patients covered by rural insurance schemes had a 29% increased cancer-specific mortality (95% CI 0%-65%) after adjusting for demographics, tumor characteristics and treatment modes. Reimbursement rate below the median was associated with a 42% increased rate of cancer-specific mortality (95% CI 11%-82%). Every 10% increase in the reimbursement rate is associated with a 7% (95% CI 2%-12%) reduction in cancer-specific mortality risk, particularly in patients covered by rural insurance schemes (26%, 95% CI 9%-39%). Our findings suggest that underinsured patients face a higher risk of breast cancer-specific mortality in developing countries.
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