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Sökning: WFRF:(Tardocchi M) > (2020-2022) > Croci G

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  • Stroth, U., et al. (författare)
  • Progress from ASDEX Upgrade experiments in preparing the physics basis of ITER operation and DEMO scenario development
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 62:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • An overview of recent results obtained at the tokamak ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) is given. A work flow for predictive profile modelling of AUG discharges was established which is able to reproduce experimental H-mode plasma profiles based on engineering parameters only. In the plasma center, theoretical predictions on plasma current redistribution by a dynamo effect were confirmed experimentally. For core transport, the stabilizing effect of fast ion distributions on turbulent transport is shown to be important to explain the core isotope effect and improves the description of hollow low-Z impurity profiles. The L-H power threshold of hydrogen plasmas is not affected by small helium admixtures and it increases continuously from the deuterium to the hydrogen level when the hydrogen concentration is raised from 0 to 100%. One focus of recent campaigns was the search for a fusion relevant integrated plasma scenario without large edge localised modes (ELMs). Results from six different ELM-free confinement regimes are compared with respect to reactor relevance: ELM suppression by magnetic perturbation coils could be attributed to toroidally asymmetric turbulent fluctuations in the vicinity of the separatrix. Stable improved confinement mode plasma phases with a detached inner divertor were obtained using a feedback control of the plasma β. The enhanced D α H-mode regime was extended to higher heating power by feedback controlled radiative cooling with argon. The quasi-coherent exhaust regime was developed into an integrated scenario at high heating power and energy confinement, with a detached divertor and without large ELMs. Small ELMs close to the separatrix lead to peeling-ballooning stability and quasi continuous power exhaust. Helium beam density fluctuation measurements confirm that transport close to the separatrix is important to achieve the different ELM-free regimes. Based on separatrix plasma parameters and interchange-drift-Alfvén turbulence, an analytic model was derived that reproduces the experimentally found important operational boundaries of the density limit and between L- and H-mode confinement. Feedback control for the X-point radiator (XPR) position was established as an important element for divertor detachment control. Stable and detached ELM-free phases with H-mode confinement quality were obtained when the XPR was moved 10 cm above the X-point. Investigations of the plasma in the future flexible snow-flake divertor of AUG by means of first SOLPS-ITER simulations with drifts activated predict beneficial detachment properties and the activation of an additional strike point by the drifts.
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  • Panontin, E., et al. (författare)
  • Comparison of unfolding methods for the inference of runaway electron energy distribution from gamma-ray spectroscopic measurements
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 1748-0221 .- 1748-0221. ; 16:12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Unfolding techniques are employed to reconstruct the 1D energy distribution of runaway electrons from Bremsstrahlung hard X-ray spectrum emitted during plasma disruptions in tokamaks. Here we compare four inversion methods: truncated singular value decomposition, which is a linear algebra technique, maximum likelihood expectation maximization, which is an iterative method, and Tikhonov regularization applied to chi(2) and Poisson statistics, which are two minimization approaches. The reconstruction fidelity and the capability of estimating cumulative statistics, such as the mean and maximum energy, have been assessed on both synthetic and experimental spectra. The effect of measurements limitations, such as the low energy cut and few number of counts, on the final reconstruction has also been studied. We find that the iterative method performs best as it better describes the statistics of the experimental data and is more robust to noise in the recorded spectrum.
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  • Tardocchi, M., et al. (författare)
  • High rate neutron and gamma ray spectroscopy of magnetic confinement fusion plasmas
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 1748-0221 .- 1748-0221. ; 15
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • An important instrumental development work has been done in the last two decades in the field of neutron and gamma ray spectroscopic measurements of magnetic confinement plasmas. Starting from the present state of the art instrumentation installed at JET, this paper reviews the recent development that has been carried out within the EUROFUSION programme for the forthcoming high power JET D and DT campaign. This development was dedicated to the realization of new compact neutron and gamma-ray spectrometers which combine very high energy resolution (typically better than 5%) and MHz counting rate capabilities allowing for time resolution in the 10 ms time scale. One of the advantages offered by the compact dimensions of these spectrometers is to make possible their use in multiple sight-line camera configurations, such as for future burning plasma reactors (ITER and DEMO). New compact neutron spectrometers based on single crystal diamond detectors have been developed and installed at JET for measurements of the 14MeV neutron spectrum. Measurements on a portable DT neutron generator have shown that neutron spectroscopy of the accelerated beam ions at unprecedented energy resolution (similar to 1% at 14 MeV) is possible, which opens up new opportunities for diagnosing DT plasmas. For what concerns gamma ray measurements, the JET gamma ray camera has been recently upgraded with new compact spectrometers based on a LaBr3 scintillator coupled to Silicon Photomultiplier with the dual aim to improve the spectroscopic and rate capabilities of the detectors. The upgrade camera system will reconstruct the spatial gamma ray emissivity from the plasma in the MeV energy range at MHz counting rates and energy resolution in the 2-4% range. This will allow physics studies of gamma rays produced by the interaction of fast ions with impurities in the plasma and bremsstrahlung emission from runaway electrons.
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  • Resultat 1-7 av 7

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