| 1. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Bonnet, Timothee, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variance in fitness indicates rapid contemporary adaptive evolution in wild animals
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 376:6596, s. 1012-1016
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rate of adaptive evolution, the contribution of selection to genetic changes that increase mean fitness, is determined by the additive genetic variance in individual relative fitness. To date, there are few robust estimates of this parameter for natural populations, and it is therefore unclear whether adaptive evolution can play a meaningful role in short-term population dynamics. We developed and applied quantitative genetic methods to long-term datasets from 19 wild bird and mammal populations and found that, while estimates vary between populations, additive genetic variance in relative fitness is often substantial and, on average, twice that of previous estimates. We show that these rates of contemporary adaptive evolution can affect population dynamics and hence that natural selection has the potential to partly mitigate effects of current environmental change.
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| 3. |
- Culina, Antica, et al.
(författare)
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Connecting the data landscape of long-term ecological studies : The SPI-Birds data hub
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Animal Ecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0021-8790 .- 1365-2656. ; 90:9, s. 2147-2160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The integration and synthesis of the data in different areas of science is drastically slowed and hindered by a lack of standards and networking programmes. Long-term studies of individually marked animals are not an exception. These studies are especially important as instrumental for understanding evolutionary and ecological processes in the wild. Furthermore, their number and global distribution provides a unique opportunity to assess the generality of patterns and to address broad-scale global issues (e.g. climate change). To solve data integration issues and enable a new scale of ecological and evolutionary research based on long-term studies of birds, we have created the SPI-Birds Network and Database ()-a large-scale initiative that connects data from, and researchers working on, studies of wild populations of individually recognizable (usually ringed) birds. Within year and a half since the establishment, SPI-Birds has recruited over 120 members, and currently hosts data on almost 1.5 million individual birds collected in 80 populations over 2,000 cumulative years, and counting. SPI-Birds acts as a data hub and a catalogue of studied populations. It prevents data loss, secures easy data finding, use and integration and thus facilitates collaboration and synthesis. We provide community-derived data and meta-data standards and improve data integrity guided by the principles of Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR), and aligned with the existing metadata languages (e.g. ecological meta-data language). The encouraging community involvement stems from SPI-Bird's decentralized approach: research groups retain full control over data use and their way of data management, while SPI-Birds creates tailored pipelines to convert each unique data format into a standard format. We outline the lessons learned, so that other communities (e.g. those working on other taxa) can adapt our successful model. Creating community-specific hubs (such as ours, COMADRE for animal demography, etc.) will aid much-needed large-scale ecological data integration.
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| 4. |
- Mills, James A., et al.
(författare)
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Archiving Primary Data : Solutions for Long-Term Studies
- 2015
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Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 30:10, s. 581-589
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recent trend for journals to require open access to primary data included in publications has been embraced by many biologists, but has caused apprehension amongst researchers engaged in long-term ecological and evolutionary studies. A worldwide survey of 73 principal investigators (PIs) with long-term studies revealed positive attitudes towards sharing data with the agreement or involvement of the PI, and 93% of PIs have historically shared data. Only 8% were in favor of uncontrolled, open access to primary data while 63% expressed serious concern. We present here their viewpoint on an issue that can have non-trivial scientific consequences. We discuss potential costs of public data archiving and provide possible solutions to meet the needs of journals and researchers.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Radchuk, Viktoriia, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive responses of animals to climate change are most likely insufficient
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biological responses to climate change have been widely documented across taxa and regions, but it remains unclear whether species are maintaining a good match between phenotype and environment, i.e. whether observed trait changes are adaptive. Here we reviewed 10,090 abstracts and extracted data from 71 studies reported in 58 relevant publications, to assess quantitatively whether phenotypic trait changes associated with climate change are adaptive in animals. A meta-analysis focussing on birds, the taxon best represented in our dataset, suggests that global warming has not systematically affected morphological traits, but has advanced phenological traits. We demonstrate that these advances are adaptive for some species, but imperfect as evidenced by the observed consistent selection for earlier timing. Application of a theoretical model indicates that the evolutionary load imposed by incomplete adaptive responses to ongoing climate change may already be threatening the persistence of species.
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| 7. |
- Richter-Boix, Alex, et al.
(författare)
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Local selection modifies phenotypic divergence among Rana temporaria populations in the presence of gene flow
- 2010
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 19:4, s. 716-731
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In ectotherms, variation in life history traits among populations is common and suggests local adaptation. However, geographic variation itself is not a proof for local adaptation, as genetic drift and gene flow may also shape patterns of quantitative variation. We studied local and regional variation in means and phenotypic plasticity of larval life history traits in the common frog Rana temporaria using six populations from central Sweden, breeding in either open-canopy or partially closed-canopy ponds. To separate local adaptation from genetic drift, we compared differentiation in quantitative genetic traits (Q(ST)) obtained from a common garden experiment with differentiation in presumably neutral microsatellite markers (F-ST). We found that R. temporaria populations differ in means and plasticities of life history traits in different temperatures at local, and in F-ST at regional scale. Comparisons of differentiation in quantitative traits and in molecular markers suggested that natural selection was responsible for the divergence in growth and development rates as well as in temperature-induced plasticity, indicating local adaptation. However, at low temperature, the role of genetic drift could not be separated from selection. Phenotypes were correlated with forest canopy closure, but not with geographical or genetic distance. These results indicate that local adaptation can evolve in the presence of ongoing gene flow among the populations, and that natural selection is strong in this system.
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| 8. |
- Spagopoulou, Foteini, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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“Silver-spoon” natal conditions increase early-life fitness but accelerate reproductive ageing in a wild bird
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Early-life conditions can have long-lasting effects and organisms that experience a poor start in life are often expected to age at a faster rate. Alternatively, individuals raised in high-quality environments can overinvest in early-reproduction resulting in rapid ageing. Here we use long-term experimental manipulation of early-life conditions in a natural population of collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis), to show that females raised in a low-competition environment have higher early-life reproduction but lower late-life reproduction than females raised in high-competition environment. We experimentally created either artificially increased (high-competition) or reduced (low-competition) broods. Reproductive success of high-competition females peaked in late-life, when low-competition females were already in steep reproductive decline and suffered from higher mortality rate. Our results demonstrate that “silver spoon” effects can increase female early-life performance at the cost of faster reproductive ageing and increased late-life mortality. These findings support the evolutionary theory of ageing and show that early-life environmental conditions shape reproductive and demographic ageing in nature.
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| 9. |
- Spagopoulou, Foteini, et al.
(författare)
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Silver-spoon upbringing improves early-life fitness but promotes reproductive ageing in a wild bird
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 23:6, s. 994-1002
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early-life conditions can have long-lasting effects and organisms that experience a poor start in life are often expected to age at a faster rate. Alternatively, individuals raised in high-quality environments can overinvest in early-reproduction resulting in rapid ageing. Here we use a long-term experimental manipulation of early-life conditions in a natural population of collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis), to show that females raised in a low-competition environment (artificially reduced broods) have higher early-life reproduction but lower late-life reproduction than females raised in high-competition environment (artificially increased broods). Reproductive success of high-competition females peaked in late-life, when low-competition females were already in steep reproductive decline and suffered from a higher mortality rate. Our results demonstrate that 'silver-spoon' natal conditions increase female early-life performance at the cost of faster reproductive ageing and increased late-life mortality. These findings demonstrate experimentally that natal environment shapes individual variation in reproductive and actuarial ageing in nature.
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| 10. |
- Teplitsky, Celine, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive plasticity in stressful environments : Acidity constrains inducible defences in Rana arvalis
- 2007
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Ingår i: Evolutionary Ecology Research. - 1522-0613 .- 1937-3791. ; 9:3, s. 447-458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Questions: How do environmental stressors affect the expression of adaptive phenotypicplasticity? Is there inter-population variation in these effects? Hypothesis: Acid stress constrains the expression of inducible defences by decreasinginvestment in defences or by increasing the costs of investment. Organisms originating fromneutral environments suffer more from acid stress than organisms originating from acidenvironments. Organism: Tadpoles of Rana arvalis, originating from two different populations (acid andneutral). This species displays inducible defences in response to insect predators (here dragonflylarvae). Methods: A laboratory experiment with a factorial design crossing two factors: predatorpresence (present vs. absent) and acidity (neutral vs. acid). We tested the effects of experimentaltreatment on tadpole morphology as well as age and size at metamorphosis. Results: Tadpoles from the neutral origin population invested less in inducible defences (tailfin depth) in the acid than in the neutral treatment. In contrast, tadpoles from the acid originpopulation were able to respond equally well to predators in both pH treatments. pH-relatedcosts differed between populations: while tadpoles from the neutral origin population sufferedfrom acid stress in terms of reduced developmental rate, those from the acid origin populationseemed to suffer from neutral stress in terms of reduced size at metamorphosis.
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