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Sökning: WFRF:(Thorell Lars Håkan) > Tidskriftsartikel

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  • Aardal-Eriksson, Elisabeth, et al. (författare)
  • Salivary cortisol, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and general health in the acute phase and during 9-month follow-up
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 50:12, s. 986-993
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Because traumatic events are unpredictable, there are few studies of psychobiological states immediately following such events. Our study aimed to determine the relation of salivary cortisol to psychologic distress immediately after a traumatic event and then during follow-up.Methods: Measurement of morning and evening salivary cortisol and ratings of psychologic distress (using the Impact of Events Scale [IES], the Post Traumatic Symptom Scale, and the General Health Questionnaire) were performed with 31 United Nations soldiers at three time points—5 days and 2 and 9 months—following a mine accident in Lebanon.Results: Five days after the accident, 15 subjects reported substantial posttraumatic distress according to the IES, as well as significantly lower morning and higher evening cortisol levels compared with the low-impact group. Within 9 months, the posttraumatic distress of the high-impact group was reduced, accompanied by an increase in morning and a decrease in evening cortisol levels. There were significant relationships between evening cortisol and all rating scales at the first and third time points.Conclusions: Subclinical posttraumatic stress following an adverse event can be measured biologically via salivary cortisol levels soon after the event.
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3.
  • Dobrov, Eugen, et al. (författare)
  • "Reasons For Living" - Translation, psychometric evaluation and relationships to suicidal behaviour in a Swedish random sample
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 58:4, s. 277-285
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The protective role of positive beliefs and expectations against suicide has been studied using the Reasons For Living inventory (RFL). The RFL has shown to be useful in research and suggested for use in clinical practice. A Swedish translation of the RFL was examined for psychometric properties, reliability, latent structure and convergent validity in a Swedish general population. The RFL was distributed with the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire (SBQ) to 1366 randomly selected subjects aged 20-65 years in the county of Östergötland. The results were based on 506 complete replies. The Cronbach a of the total RFL was 0.92, ranging from 0.72 to 0.93 in the six scales of RFL. The intercorrelations between the scales were weak and the scale to total RFL score moderate to high. The factor structure and item loadings of the inventory showed great similarities with the American one with exception for the scales Responsibility to Family and Child-related Concerns, which formed one common factor. The convergent validity was supported by significant relationships to the items of the SBQ. It is concluded that the Swedish translation of the RFL inventory in a Swedish general sample possesses great similarities to the American original RFL. Thus, it is suggested as an instrument for research and clinical usage in Sweden. © 2004 Taylor & Francis.
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4.
  • Ekbladh, Elin, et al. (författare)
  • Perceptions of the work environment among people with experience of long term sick leave
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 35:2, s. 125-136
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: The aims were to describe and analyze how people with experience of long term sick leave perceive that factors in their work environment support or interfere with work performance, satisfaction, and well-being. Method: The 53 participants were interviewed with the Work Environment Impact Scale (WEIS). The WEIS ratings and belonging notes were analyzed by descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis respectively. Differences in WEIS ratings between; women and men; participants with somatic and mental diseases; and participants working and on full-time sick leave were tested. Results: The most supportive factors concerned social interactions at work, and the value and meaning of work. The factors perceived as most interfering concerned work demands and rewards. The social relations at work were perceived as more supportive by the working group than by those on full-time sick leave. The participants with somatic diseases perceived physical work factors as more interfering than did participants with mental diseases, who in turn perceived the value and meaning of work as more interfering. Conclusion: Knowledge about the interaction between the worker and the work environment could reveal useful information about the complex phenomenon of reducing sick leave. The WEIS seems useful in providing information about how alterations and accommodations in the work environment could support individual workers.
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5.
  • Ekbladh, Elin, et al. (författare)
  • Return to work : the predictive value of the Worker Role Interview (WRI) over two years
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 35:2, s. 163-172
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Worker Role Interview (WRI) is an assessment tool designed to identify psychosocial and environmental factors which influence a persons ability to return to work. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the Worker Role Interview (WRI) can predict return to work over a period of two years. Fifty three long-term sick-listed people were interviewed and rated with the WRI. Differences in ratings and the ability of WRI to correctly predict whether these people would fall into the working or non-working groups at 6, 12 and 24 month follow-ups were tested by Mann-Whitney test and logistic regression respectively. Eight of 17 items in WRI were rated differently between the groups at one or more of the follow-ups. The regression models based on the WRI ratings had an overall correct prediction rate ranging from 81% to 96%. Expectation of job success which concerns the persons belief in abilities in relation to return to work emerged as an important predictive factor for return to work in all statistical analyses. The WRI assessment contains items that could predict return to work. This implies that the WRI could be a useful tool in vocational rehabilitation for identifying individual rehabilitation needs.
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6.
  • Ekbladh, Elin, et al. (författare)
  • The Worker Role Interview : Preliminary data on the predictive validity of return to work of clients after an insurance medicine investigation
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation. - 1053-0487 .- 1573-3688. ; 14:2, s. 131-141
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim was to investigate the predictive validity of the Worker Role Interview (WRI) for return to work at a 2-year follow-up of clients who attended an insurance medicine investigation center. The WRI identifies psychosocial and environmental factors that influence a person's abilities to return to work. Forty-eight of 202 consecutively selected clients constituted the study group. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to test the statistically significant differences in WRI ratings between those who were working (n=6) and those who were not (n=42) 2 years after their investigations. Five of the 17 items in WRI had a tentative predictive validity of return to work. The content area personal causation in WRI, had the best predictive validity. The results emphasize the importance of considering the unique individual's beliefs and expectations of his/her effectiveness at work when assessing clients' work ability and planning for further rehabilitation.
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7.
  • Fall, Per-Arne, et al. (författare)
  • ECT in Parkinson's disease : Changes in motor symptoms, monoamine metabolites and neuropeptides
  • 1995
  • Ingår i: Journal of Neural Transmission. Parkinson's disease and dementia section.. - 0936-3076. ; 10:2-3, s. 129-140
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was given to 16 non-depressed, non-demented patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). In all the patients an antiparkinsonian effect was seen, lasting for 18 months in one patient, 3-5 months in seven patients, and a few days to four weeks in eight patients. After ECT the levels of homovanillic acid and neuropeptide Y in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were significantly increased. The eight patients with long lasting motor improvement after ECT had significantly lower CSF-3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol compared to the group with short lasting improvement. Five patients developed transitory mental confusion after ECT. In these patients, and in no others, a high albumin-ratio was found already before ECT was given - an indication of blood CSF barrier damage. Our results suggest that ECT is valuable in patients with drug refractory PD or PD with intolerance to antiparkinsonian drugs.
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  • Haglund, Lena, et al. (författare)
  • Clinical perspective on the Swedish version of the Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills : Stability of assessments
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 18:4, s. 417-423
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether ratings according to the Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills, Swedish version (ACIS-S) are related to the settings in which the skills are assessed, and whether the client's comprehension of the setting is related to the ACIS-S rating scores. The ACIS-S is an observation rating scale applied immediately after each of two to six different social sessions that the client takes part in. The selection of settings relies on the client's judgement of them as being meaningful. In total, nine occupational therapists and 16 clients participated in the study. A total of 71 ratings were made in a mean of 4.4 settings per client. The results indicate that the client's rated comprehension of the settings is not significantly related, in general, to the ACIS-S rating scores given by the occupational therapist. However, the clients ACIS-S scores may vary a lot over settings. In the present study, 13- of the 20-items showed ratings of both the existence and the absence of problems in the same skill - but in different settings - in half or more of the client group. This may rise questions for the practitioners how to implement the ACIS-S in clinical practice, for example, how many and which kind of settings and how many times? Further research in the field is recommended. © 2004 Nordic College of Caring Sciences.
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10.
  • Haglund, Lena, et al. (författare)
  • Occupational functioning in relation to psychiatric diagnoses: schizophrenia and mood disorders.
  • 1998
  • Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 52:3, s. 223-29
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The purposeof the study was to investigate whether a patient's adaptive occupational functioning is related to diagnoses of schizophrenia or mood disorders. The Occupational Case Analysis Interview and Rating Scale (OCAIRS) was used to examine the patient's adaptation in everyday occupation. Three groups of patients were studied: patients with schizophrenia (n=18), major depression (n=20), and bipolar disorders (n=22). The adaptive occupational functioning of patients with schizophrenia and those with bipolar disorders was significantly reduced, to the same levels as that of patients with major depression. Thus, a patient's adaptive occupational functioning seems to be related to the studied psychiatric diagnoses. This observation may be used as a first step when screen patients for occupational therapy.
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