| 1. |
- Culverhouse, R. C., et al.
(författare)
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Collaborative meta-analysis finds no evidence of a strong interaction between stress and 5-HTTLPR genotype contributing to the development of depression
- 2018
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 23:1, s. 133-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hypothesis that the S allele of the 5-HTTLPR serotonin transporter promoter region is associated with increased risk of depression, but only in individuals exposed to stressful situations, has generated much interest, research and controversy since first proposed in 2003. Multiple meta-analyses combining results from heterogeneous analyses have not settled the issue. To determine the magnitude of the interaction and the conditions under which it might be observed, we performed new analyses on 31 data sets containing 38 802 European ancestry subjects genotyped for 5-HTTLPR and assessed for depression and childhood maltreatment or other stressful life events, and meta-analysed the results. Analyses targeted two stressors (narrow, broad) and two depression outcomes (current, lifetime). All groups that published on this topic prior to the initiation of our study and met the assessment and sample size criteria were invited to participate. Additional groups, identified by consortium members or self-identified in response to our protocol (published prior to the start of analysis) with qualifying unpublished data, were also invited to participate. A uniform data analysis script implementing the protocol was executed by each of the consortium members. Our findings do not support the interaction hypothesis. We found no subgroups or variable definitions for which an interaction between stress and 5-HTTLPR genotype was statistically significant. In contrast, our findings for the main effects of life stressors (strong risk factor) and 5-HTTLPR genotype (no impact on risk) are strikingly consistent across our contributing studies, the original study reporting the interaction and subsequent meta-analyses. Our conclusion is that if an interaction exists in which the S allele of 5-HTTLPR increases risk of depression only in stressed individuals, then it is not broadly generalisable, but must be of modest effect size and only observable in limited situations.
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| 2. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, et al.
(författare)
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Cultural Universals and Cultural Differences in Meta-Norms about Peer Punishment
- 2017
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Ingår i: Management and Organization Review. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1740-8776 .- 1740-8784. ; 13:4, s. 851-870
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Violators of cooperation norms may be informally punished by their peers. How such norm enforcement is judged by others can be regarded as a meta-norm (i.e., a second-order norm). We examined whether meta-norms about peer punishment vary across cultures by having students in eight countries judge animations in which an agent who over-harvested a common resource was punished either by a single peer or by the entire peer group. Whether the punishment was retributive or restorative varied between two studies, and findings were largely consistent across these two types of punishment. Across all countries, punishment was judged as more appropriate when implemented by the entire peer group than by an individual. Differences between countries were revealed in judgments of punishers vs. non-punishers. Specifically, appraisals of punishers were relatively negative in three Western countries and Japan, and more neutral in Pakistan, UAE, Russia, and China, consistent with the influence of individualism, power distance, and/or indulgence. Our studies constitute a first step in mapping how meta-norms vary around the globe, demonstrating both cultural universals and cultural differences.
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| 3. |
- Hao, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Integration of concentrating PVs in anaerobic digestion for biomethane production
- 2018
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 231, s. 80-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biogas produced from anaerobic digestion processes is considered as an important alternative to natural gas and plays a key role in the emerging market for renewable energy. Aiming at achieving a more sustainable and efficient biomethane production, this work proposed a novel energy system, which integrates concentrating photovoltaic/thermal (C-PV/T) hybrid modules into a biogas plant with chemical absorption for biogas upgrading. The investigated energy system was optimized based on the data from an existing biogas plant, and its techno-economic feasibility was evaluated. Results show that about 7% of the heat consumption and 12% of the electricity consumption of the biogas plant can be covered by solar energy, by using the produced heat in a cascade way according to the operating temperature of different processes. The production of biomethane can also be improved by 25,800 N m3/yr (or 1.7%). The net present value of the integrated system is about 2.78 MSEK and the payback period is around 10 years. In order to further improve the economic performance, it is of great importance to lower the capital cost of the C-PV/T module.
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| 4. |
- Liang, X., et al.
(författare)
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Numerical investigations on outdoor thermal comfort for built environment : Case study of a Northwest campus in China
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1876-6102. ; , s. 6557-6563, s. 6557-6563
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Outdoor thermal comfort has been receiving more and more attentions due to the increased demand of outdoor activities during last decades. People require good thermal comfort when they are exposed to the outdoor thermal environment. However, the natural environment is severely suffering from the pollution of air, water as well as the extremely hot weather. Therefore, construction of ecological living environment is of great importance. To evaluate and improve the built environment, a campus area located in Northwest China was selected. Numerical simulations based on the software ENVI-met V4.0 were conducted and the effect of growing plants upon the outdoor thermal comfort was analyzed. Numerical results were compared using different thermal Indexes: Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). Results demonstrated that UTCI gave a lower prediction than that of PET and was more suitable for evaluating the outdoor thermal comfort. Growing trees can significantly reduce the uncomfortable hours during hot summer but the improvement will reach the limitation after growing amount of trees.
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| 5. |
- Tian, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Integrating concentrating PVs in biogas upgrading
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1876-6102. ; , s. 598-603, s. 598-603
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biogas produced from anaerobic digestion processes has been considered as an important alternative to natural gas and plays a key role in the emerging market for renewable energy. By removing CO2, biogas can be upgraded to vehicle fuel. Chemical absorption is one of the widely used upgrading technologies, which advantages include high purity and low loss of biomethane. However, chemical absorption usually suffers from the high consumption of thermal energy, which is required by the regeneration of the solvent. Aiming at achieving a more sustainable and efficient biomethane production, this work proposed a novel system, which integrate concentrating photovoltaic/thermal hybrid (C-PV/T) in the upgrading of biogas. Due to the ability to produce electricity and heat simultaneously and efficiently, C-PV/T can provide the demands of both the electricity and heat. By doing dynamic simulation of the energy production of C-PV/T, the technical feasibility of such a system is analyzed. Based on the design to meet the heat demand of solvent regeneration, without energy storage, the produced heat can cover 17% of the heat demand of the solvent regeneration, but 51.1% of the electricity demand; meanwhile, 140.3 MWh excess electricity can be sold for one year.
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| 6. |
- Yu, H., et al.
(författare)
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Improved triangle splitting based bi-objective optimization for community integrated energy systems with correlated uncertainties
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2213-1388 .- 2213-1396. ; 49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Economic and environmental benefits are the most important in the operation of community integrated energy systems (CIES), modeled as a bi-objective optimization problem. In the case of the uncertainties from loads and renewable energy generators, the effectiveness of the operation strategies may be degraded in the practical applications of CIES. In this paper, an improved triangle splitting based bi-objective optimization method is proposed to search for the Pareto optimal solution of the CIES operation. The general preference of decision-makers in practical applications is utilized in the search process to reduce the detailed search interval and consequently improve the optimization efficiency. In addition, a bi-objective uncertain optimization framework is established for the economic-environmental operation of the CIES under uncertainties. The correlation between uncertainties is considered to generate the operation scenarios, in which the solution probability function is employed to determine the final operation strategy with robustness. A comprehensive case study is conducted based on a practical CIES in China, proving the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods.
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