| 1. |
- Bujacz, Aleksandra, et al.
(författare)
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Not All Are Equal : A Latent Profile Analysis of Well-Being Among the Self-Employed
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Happiness Studies. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1389-4978 .- 1573-7780. ; 21:5, s. 1661-1680
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study uses a person-centered approach to distinguish between subpopulations of self-employed individuals using multidimensional well-being indicators. Data were obtained from European Social Survey including a sample of 3461 self-employed individuals from 29 European countries. The analysis has empirically identified six distinct profiles named 'unhappy', 'languishing', 'happy', 'satisfied', 'passionate', and 'flourishing'. The profiles were associated with significant differences in well-being, health and work-related variables. The results highlight the heterogeneity of the self-employed population, and describe the complex-both hedonic and eudaimonic-character of the well-being concept in this population.
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| 2. |
- Carnesten, Hillewi, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Struggling in the dehumanized world of COVID-An exploratory mixed-methods study of frontline healthcare workers' experiences.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : WILEY. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To explore healthcare workers' experiences of the changed caring reality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden.DESIGN: An online fully mixed-methods design.METHODS: A web-based self-reported questionnaire with fixed and open-ended answers collected data from March to April 2021, analysed in three steps. First, free-text questions were analysed by qualitative content analysis. Then quantitative linear regression analyses using models covering stress and coping mechanisms were conducted. Finally, a meta-inference of qualitative and quantitative data emerged a new comprehensive understanding. The COREQ guidelines were used for reporting.RESULTS: Meta-inferenced results of quantitative and qualitative findings show the pandemic was a traumatic experience for healthcare workers. Main theme; When work became a frightening experience in a dehumanized reality, comprised four themes: Entering unprepared into a frightful, incomprehensible world; Sacrificing moral values and harbouring dilemmas in isolation; Lack of clear management; and Reorient in togetherness and find meaning in a changed reality. Qualitative results comprised four categories; Working in a dehumanized world; Living in betrayal of ones' own conscience; Lack of structure in a chaotic time and Regaining vitality together. Subdimensions comprehensibility and meaningfulness were associated significantly with post-traumatic stress disorder in multiple regression analysis. In multiple regression analysis, sense of coherence was the most prominent coping strategy.CONCLUSIONS: Forcing oneself to perform beyond one's limit, sacrificing moral values and lacking management was a traumatic experience to healthcare workers during the pandemic. Reorienting as a way of coping was possible in togetherness with colleagues. There is an urgency of interventions to meet the needs among healthcare workers who took on a frontline role during the COVID-19 pandemic and to prevent mental health illness in future crisis.PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.SUMMARY: The pandemic outbreak exposed frontline healthcare workers to unparallelled stress shown as negative for their mental health in several meta-analyses and systematic reviews. In-depth understanding on experiences and how symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder relate to coping mechanisms have been scarcely explored. This study contributes to understanding on healthcare workers' experiences and the relation between lower sense of coherence and increased risk of developing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE/POLICY: This study might guide how to prepare for resilience in future emergencies.
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| 3. |
- Mensah, Aziz, et al.
(författare)
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Workplace gender harassment, illegitimate tasks, and poor mental health : Hypothesized associations in a Swedish cohort
- 2022
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Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-9536 .- 1873-5347. ; 315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Workers exposed to gender harassment and illegitimate tasks may experience adverse mental health outcomessuch as depression and burnout. However, the longitudinal effects and the complex interrelationships betweenthese variables remain largely unexplored. We investigated the cross-lagged relationships between genderharassment, illegitimate tasks, and mental health outcomes among working adults in Sweden over a period oftwo years, as well as the gender differences in the cross-lagged effects. Additionally, the study examined whetherillegitimate tasks mediated the relationship between gender harassment and negative mental health outcomesover time. Data were drawn from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH), covering2796 working men and 4110 working women in a two-wave analysis from 2018 to 2020. We employed astructural equation model to examine the cross-lagged effects and the mediating effect between genderharassment, illegitimate tasks, and mental health outcomes over time. Furthermore, we applied a multigroupanalysis to determine gender differences in the cross-lagged effects.The results showed statistically significant cross-lagged relationships (forward, reverse, and reciprocal) be-tween gender harassment, illegitimate tasks, and mental ill-health. There were statistically significant genderdifferences in these cross-lagged relationships (burnout: △χ2 (47) = 106.21, p < 0.01; depression: △χ2 (47) =80.5, p < 0.01). Initial illegitimate tasks mediated the relationship between gender harassment and mental ill-health outcomes over time. The gender differences in the interrelationships between gender harassment, ille-gitimate tasks, and mental ill-health outcomes among workers in Sweden indicate that policies, regulations, andinterventions that address these exposures in organisations must be tailored to benefit both men and women.
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| 4. |
- Nyberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Does Exposure to High Job Demands, Low Decision Authority, or Workplace Violence Mediate the Association between Employment in the Health and Social Care Industry and Register-Based Sickness Absence? : A Longitudinal Study of a Swedish Cohort
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this paper was to investigate if job demands, decision authority, and workplace violence mediate the association between employment in the health and social care industry and register-based sickness absence.Methods: Participants from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health who responded to questionnaires in 2006-2016 (n = 3951) were included. Multilevel autoregressive cross-lagged mediation models were fitted to the data. Employment in the health and social care industry at one time point was used as the predictor variable and register-based sickness absence >14 days as the outcome variable. Self-reported levels of job demands, decision authority, and exposure to workplace violence from the first time point were used as mediating variables.Results: The direct path between employment in the health and social care industry and sickness absence >14 days was, while adjusting for the reverse path, 0.032, p = 0.002. The indirect effect mediated by low decision authority was 0.002, p = 0.006 and the one mediated by exposure to workplace violence was 0.008, p = 0.002. High job demands were not found to mediate the association.Conclusion: Workplace violence and low decision authority may, to a small extent, mediate the association between employment in the health and social care industry and sickness absence.
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| 5. |
- Stengård, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Gender Differences in the Work and Home Spheres for Teachers, and Longitudinal Associations with Depressive Symptoms in a Swedish Cohort
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sex Roles. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0360-0025 .- 1573-2762. ; 86, s. 159-178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The high level of stress among teachers is a frequently reported problem globally but less is known about how demands and resources among teachers affect depressive symptoms, and to what extent gender differences in these conditions can explain potential differences in depressive symptoms. The present study investigated gender differences in teachers’ self-reported depressive symptoms, and differences in their demands and resources in both work and home spheres. Associations between demands and resources, respectively, and depressive symptoms as well as gender differences in these associations were examined. Results from univariate and parallel growth modelling (N = 1,022), using data from six time points (2008 to 2018), found higher levels of depressive symptoms, higher emotional and quantitative work demands, and more time doing unpaid work among female teachers, whereas male teachers reported more time on leisure activities. Emotional and quantitative work demands were associated with depressive symptoms at baseline, and these associations also developed in parallel over time. Leisure time had a negative association with depressive symptoms at baseline. There were no gender differences in the strength of these associations. Findings suggest that gender differences in teachers’ depressive symptoms could be attributable to women’s greater demands in the work sphere and fewer resources in the home sphere than men as opposed to their being more vulnerable to workplace stressors.
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