| 1. |
- Backlander, Gisela, et al.
(författare)
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Development and Validation of a Multi-Dimensional Measure of Activity-Based Working Behaviors
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most work on activity-based working centers on the physical environment and digital technologies enabling flexible working. While important, we believe the key components for implementing activity-based working are employee and manager behaviors. To measure the degree of enactment of activity-based work, based on workshops with experienced practitioners as well as previous literature, we have developed and validated a behavior-focused measure of activity-based working behaviors. In our initial sample (Sample 1, N = 234), three subscales were identified: task - environment crafting, workday planning, and social needs prioritization. In the replication sample (Sample 2, N = 434), this model also showed adequate fit. Moreover, task - environment crafting was related to general health and lower stress in sample 1 (multi-organization sample), but not in the single-organization sample (sample 2). Workday planning was associated with higher concentration in both samples and in the second sample with general health and work engagement; the latter was also related to social needs prioritization.
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| 2. |
- Bergman, Louise E., et al.
(författare)
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Comparing Depressive Symptoms, Emotional Exhaustion, and Sleep Disturbances in Self-Employed and Employed Workers : Application of Approximate Bayesian Measurement Invariance
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies investigating differences in mental health problems between self-employed and employed workers have provided contradictory results. Many of the studies utilized scales validated for employed workers, without collecting validity evidence for making comparisons with self-employed. The aim of this study was (1) to collect validity evidence for three different scales assessing depressive symptoms, emotional exhaustion, and sleep disturbances for employed workers, and combinators; and (2) to test if these groups differed. We first conducted approximate measurement invariance analysis and found that all scales were invariant at the scalar level. Self-employed workers had least mental health problems and employed workers had most, but differences were small. Though we found the scales invariant, we do not find them optimal for comparison of means. To be more precise in describing differences between groups, we recommend using clinical cut-offs or scales developed with the specific purpose of assessing mental health problems at work.
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| 3. |
- Bernhard-Oettel, Claudia, et al.
(författare)
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Flourish, fight or flight: Health and well-being in self-employment over time-associations with business success
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Around 9% of the working population in Sweden consists of self-employed business owners, but a considerable amount of them struggle to consolidate or expand their businesses. Among the factors predicting business success the decisive role of long-term health of business owners has been acknowledged only recently, but longitudinal studies testing this assumption are scarce. Based on the conservation of resources theory, good health can be seen as a resource that helps business owners to tackle high workloads and make business succeed.Design: Data from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Health Survey is used. Starting in 2012, N= 554 self-employed have answered three or more times in the biannual data collection. Latent growth curve modelling is employed to study general and mental health trajectories and their associations with business survival over time.Results: Preliminary descriptive analyses on biannual changes suggest that roughly one in ten self-employed leaves self-employment at follow-up. Job demands and emotional exhaustion are higher among those who leave compared to those who remain in business. After integrating new data collected in 2018, growth curve analyses are run over the whole longitudinal sample, and associations of health trajectories to business survival will be tested.Limitations: Data is collected with questionnaires, and business success is operationalized as business survival only.
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| 4. |
- Björklund, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Gender-based harassment among university students in Sweden during Covid-19
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This presentation analyses gender-based harassment in terms of bullying and sexual harassment among university students within the academy sector in Sweden. Bullying and harassment are severe risk factors in the psychosocial work environment, affecting both performance and health. This study is part of a collaboration program between four universities in Sweden with the aim to create research-based knowledge for the prevention of gender-based harassment (GBH) in Swedish academia.This study was conducted during Covid-19. Preliminary results show that GBH is more prevalent among university students than among staff. In total, 4.8 percent of university students in Sweden state that they have been subjected to sexual harassment (SH) at the university during the last 12 months. Among women, a larger proportion state that they have been exposed (5.7 %), compared to men (3.2 %). A pilot study prior to the larger prevalence study was conducted in the fall of 2020, an early stage of Covid-19. In the pilot study, 7 percent of university students (women 9.1%; men 3.1%) stated that they had been subjected to SH during the last 12 months. Consequently, results show a decrease in SH, especially among women. Furthermore, in the large-scale prevalence study one question asked respondents if Covid-19 had increased or decreased their vulnerability. Results show that about 11 percent of the women reported that exposure had decreased during Covid-19.Regarding methodological considerations, a previous review study shows that students exposed to SH seldom file official reports but they frequently face a variety of mental and physical health consequences. Also, how questions about sexual harassment are stated most likely affects response rates among university students. To work for a sustainable and inclusive working life free from gender-based harassment, we need to continue to monitor the development over time in the academia in Sweden.
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| 5. |
- de Oliveira, Thais Lopes, et al.
(författare)
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The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) : Factors Related to Smoking Cessation
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : SPRINGER. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Smoking cessation is not an easy accomplishment. However, the benefits are several for those who do it, such as cardiovascular risk reduction 1 year after quitting smoking. This study aimed to verify the factors related to smoking cessation in civil servants of The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Methods This study had a longitudinal design using data from a prospective cohort of civil servants (ELSA-Brasil). Our variable of interest was smoking cessation. The relationship between socio-demographic characteristics, job stress, health-related variables, legislation, and smoking cessation was analyzed by Cox proportional hazard models. The analyses were stratified by gender. Second-hand smoke exposure, age, education, excessive alcohol consumption, common mental disorder, and smoking control law were the variables considered in the final model. Results Information of 2020 women and 2429 men was analyzed. Individuals without second-hand smoke exposure, with up to 49 years of age, with higher education, without excessive alcohol consumption, without common mental disorders, and who initiated smoking in 1989 or after the smoking control law had a higher risk of stopping smoking. The risks magnitudes were higher for women. Conclusions Our study reinforces the necessity of alcohol consumption regulation, the relevance of Public Health Policies, and the need for more smoking cessation measures focused on men, on people with mental disorders, alcoholism, and older adults. Also, our results did not show significant risks regarding the psychosocial working environment.
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| 8. |
- Griep, Rosane Harter, et al.
(författare)
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Gender, work-family conflict, and weight gain: four-year follow-up of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cadernos de Saúde Pública. - : FapUNIFESP (SciELO). - 0102-311X .- 1678-4464. ; 38:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study sought to analyze the effect of work-to-family conflict (demands from work that affect one’s family/personal life), family-to-work conflict (demands from family/personal life that affect work), and lack of time for self-care and leisure due to professional and domestic demands on the incidence of weight gain and increase in waist circumference by gender in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Our study included 9,159 ELSA-Brasil participants (4,413 men and 4,746 women) who attended baseline (2008-2010) and the first follow-up visit (2012-2014). Weight gain and increase in waist circumference were defined as an annual increase ≥ 75th percentile, i.e., ≥ 1.21kg/year and ≥ 1.75cm/year, respectively for women; and ≥ 0.96kg/year and ≥ 1.41cm/year respectively for men. Associations were estimated by Poisson regression applying robust variance with the R software. Analyses were stratified by gender and adjusted for socioeconomic variables. Adjusted models showed a higher risk of weight gain among women who reported family-to-work conflict frequently and sometimes (relative risk - RR = 1.37 and RR = 1.15, respectively) and among those who reported frequent lack of time for self-care and leisure (RR = 1.13). Among men, time-based work-to-family conflict (RR = 1.17) and strain-based work-to-family conflict (RR = 1.24) were associated with weight gain. No associations were observed between work-family conflict domains and increase in waist circumference. These findings suggest that occupational and social health promotion programs are essential to help workers balance work and family life to reduce weight gain.
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| 10. |
- Hagqvist, Emma, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Falling outside the system : Occupational safety and health inspectors’ experiences of micro-enterprises in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, 11 Swedish occupational safety and health (OSH) inspectors were interviewed about their views of and experiences interacting with micro-enterprises (1-9 employees). The qualitative content analysis found one theme, “Falling outside the system”, and three subthemes, “The inspector—shaped by specific standards”, “The bureaucrat and the micro-entrepreneur—two separate worlds”, and “System faults and system changes”. According to the inspectors, the Swedish OSH regulatory system, with inspectors on the front line, neglects the specific needs, circumstances and characteristics of micro-enterprises. Therefore, we suggest revising the OSH regulatory system and following inspection methods and enforcement styles to better address the needs of micro-enterprises.
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