| 1. |
- Hugosson, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between antipyretic effects and cytokine levels in uncomplicated falciparum malaria during different treatment regimes
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Tropica. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-706X .- 1873-6254. ; 99:1, s. 75-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously shown that both chloroquine and paracetamol (acetaminophen) have antipyretic activity during treatment of acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children 1-4 years old. Here, we studied if this effect was accompanied by changes in plasma cytokine levels. The 104 children were treated with either chloroquine or sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) alone, SP+chloroquine or SP+paracetamol for 4 days. Cytokine levels were determined days 0, 2 and 3, body temperature every sixth hour until 72h and parasitemia once daily for 4 days. At admission, body temperature correlated with levels of IL-10, IFN-gamma and IL-6, and parasitemia correlated with IL-10 and IL-6. Except for TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, where no significant effect was found, all cytokine levels (IL-10, IFN-gamma, IL-6, IL-12, IL-13, IL-18 and IL-4) decreased up to day 2 (p<0.05). IL-6 levels continued to fall from days 2 to 3 (p<0.05), whereas increased levels were found for several cytokines (IL-12, IL-13, IL-18 and IL-1beta) (p<0.05). The antipyretic effects of chloroquine and paracetamol could not be related to any specific changes in the evaluated cytokine production or in Th1/Th2 or inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokine ratios. Alternative mechanisms for antipyretic effects and associations between fever and cytokine levels during uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria are therefore discussed.
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| 2. |
- Iriemenam, Nnaemeka C., et al.
(författare)
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Antibody responses to a panel of Plasmodium falciparum malaria blood-stage antigens in relation to clinical disease outcome in Sudan
- 2009
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Ingår i: Vaccine. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0264-410X .- 1873-2518. ; 27:1, s. 62-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite many intervention programmes aimed at curtailing the scourge, malaria remains a formidable problem of human health. Immunity to asexual blood-stage of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is thought to be associated with protective antibodies of certain immunoglobulin classes and subclasses. We have analysed immunoglobulin G profiles to six leading blood-stage antigens in relation to clinical malaria outcome in a hospital-based study in Sudan. Our results revealed a linear association with anti-AMA-1-IgG1 antibodies in children <5 years and reduced risk of severe malaria, while the responses of the IgG3 antibodies against MSP-2, MSP-3, GLURP in individuals above 5 years were bi-modal. A dominance of IgG3 antibodies in >5 years was also observed. In the final combined model, the highest levels of IgG1 antibodies to AMA-1, GLURP-R0, and the highest levels of IgG3 antibodies to 3D7 MSP-2 were independently associated with protection from clinical malaria. The study provides further support for the potential importance of the studied merozoite vaccine candidate antigens as targets for parasite neutralizing antibody responses of the IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses.
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| 3. |
- Jangpatarapongsa, Kulachart, et al.
(författare)
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Memory T cells protect against Plasmodium vivax infection
- 2006
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Ingår i: Microbes and infection. - : Elsevier BV. - 1286-4579 .- 1769-714X. ; 8:3, s. 680-686
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immunity induced by Plasmodium vivax infection leads to memory T cell recruitment activated during "relapse" or "re-infection". This study aims to characterise memory T cells in patients with acute or convalescent P. vivax infection. Lymphocytes were collected from patients infected by P. vivax, immune controls and naive controls. The proportion of immature memory T cells, expressing CD45RO(+)CD27(+), and mature cells lacking CD27 was assessed. A statistically significant increase in the median percentage of memory T cell subsets expressing CD4(+) was observed in material from patients with an acute infection compared with that from either naive or immune controls. The high percentage of memory T cells in infected patients was maintained until 60 days post treatment. The immune controls living in a malaria endemic area had a somewhat increased proportion of memory T cell subsets expressing CD8(+). An approximately three-fold increase of these cell types was shown in patients with an acute infection and the level persisted until 60 days post treatment. Phenotypic characterisation of the peripheral lymphocytes during acute infection revealed that a large fraction of the lymphocytes carried the gammadelta phenotypes suggesting a role for these cells in the early response against P. vivax. Very low levels of P. vivax specific antibody were found. This might suggest that cell-mediated immunity may play a greater role in the development of naturally acquired protection against P. vivax infection than humoral immunity. Our results provide further insight into the mechanism of cell-mediated immunity to P. vivax infection that could be important for the future development of a successful vaccine and anti-malarial drug designation.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Nilsson, C, et al.
(författare)
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Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus are differentially associated with numbers of cytokine-producing cells and early atopy
- 2009
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - Oxford : Blackwell. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 39:4, s. 509-517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We have previously shown that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) seropositivity, at 2 years of age, was inversely related to IgE-sensitization and that this effect was enhanced when EBV is combined with cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity. We hypothesize that early exposure to EBV or CMV will affect the cytokine balance in the individual.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to relate the cytokine profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to the EBV and CMV serostatus and IgE-sensitization in children at 2 years of age.METHODS: Seventy-five children were followed prospectively from birth until 2 years of age. Their EBV and CMV serostatus was correlated to the numbers of IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12-producing PBMC following PHA stimulation in vitro. Skin prick tests and allergen-specific IgE antibodies were used to assess IgE-sensitization.RESULTS: In the study cohort, there was an inverse association between EBV seropositivity and IgE-sensitization but not with CMV seropositivity. Following linear regression analysis, we did not detect any statistically significant associations between children with IgG antibodies against EBV at 2 years of age and the investigated cytokines. However, there was a non-significant tendency to a positive association between high numbers of all individual cytokine-producing cells and EBV seropositivity. Children who were CMV seropositive had significantly higher numbers of IFN-gamma and lower numbers of IL-4-producing cells compared with CMV negative children. There was a significant, positive association between the number of IL-4-producing cells and IgE-sensitization.CONCLUSION: Taken together our results indicate that infections with EBV and CMV in different ways will interact with the immune system and may protect children from developing early atopy.
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