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- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
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| 4. |
- Ghisellini, Patrizia, et al.
(författare)
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A review on circular economy : the expected transition to a balanced interplay of environmental and economic systems
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 114, s. 11-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the last few years Circular Economy (CE) is receiving increasing attention worldwide as a way to overcome the current production and consumption model based on continuous growth and increasing resource throughput. By promoting the adoption of closing-the-loop production patterns within an economic system CE aims to increase the efficiency of resource use, with special focus on urban and industrial waste, to achieve a better balance and harmony between economy, environment and society. This study provides an extensive review of the literature of last two decades, with the purpose of grasping the main CE features and perspectives: origins, basic principles, advantages and disadvantages, modelling and implementation of CE at the different levels (micro, meso and macro) worldwide.Results evidence that CE origins are mainly rooted in ecological and environmental economics and industrial ecology. In China CE is promoted as a top-down national political objective while in other areas and countries as European Union, Japan and USA it is a tool to design bottom-up environmental and waste management policies. The ultimate goal of promoting CE is the decoupling of environmental pressure from economic growth. The implementation of CE worldwide still seems in the early stages, mainly focused on recycle rather than reuse. Important results have been achieved in some activity sectors (e.g. in waste management, where large waste recycling rates are achieved in selected developed countries). CE implies the adoption of cleaner production patterns at company level, an increase of producers and consumers responsibility and awareness, the use of renewable technologies and materials (wherever possible) as well as the adoption of suitable, clear and stable policies and tools. The lesson learned from successful experiences is that the transition towards CE comes from the involvement of all actors of the society and their capacity to link and create suitable collaboration and exchange patterns. Success stories also point out the need for an economic return on investment, in order to provide suitable motivation to companies and investors. In summary, the CE transition has just started. Moreover, the interdisciplinary framework underpinning CE offers good prospects for gradual improvement of the present production and consumption models, no longer adequate because of their environmental load and social inequity, a clear indicator of resource use inefficiency
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| 5. |
- Kordas, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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Energy and urban systems
- 2017
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 186, s. 83-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Ulgiati, Sergio, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental and Thermodynamic Indicators in Support of Fair and Sustainable Policy Making - Investigating Equitable Trade among Latvia, Denmark and Italy
- 2006
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Ingår i: Sustainable Development in the Baltic and Beyond. - : Peter Lang Publishing Group. - 9783631552827
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A theoretical framework and a case study for equitable trade policies based on Emergy Synthesis (Odum, 1996,Brown and Ulgiati, 2004)) is presented in this paper, aimed at integrating monetary evaluation and measures in supportof more comprehensive trade balance between countries, for equity and international stability. The paper stems from therecognition that the economic growth of developed countries is very often based on the depletion of primary resourcestorages of developing countries, not adequately compensated in trade dynamics in terms of real wealth exchanged. Oneof the basic principles of the emergy systems perspective is that wealth relies on availability and good use of resources,not on money in itself. Evaluating international trade and net benefit from investments using only the inflows andoutflows of currency often shows a monetary balance of payments but disregards the inflows and outflows of resources.Since resources have different quality and therefore different ability to drive an economic process and providewealth, accounting for quality and ensuring a balanced resource exchange is very important for trade to be beneficial toboth partner countries. In this paper, the Authors investigate in emergy terms the economic performance of Latvia,Denmark and Italy, and then calculate the emergy exchange ratios associated to global trade as well as to selectedproducts traded among these countries. Results show that Denmark has the highest advantage from bilateral trade withLatvia and Italy, and Latvia the lowest. The reasons can be identified in the high emergy/GDP ratio of Latvia as well asin the fact that Latvian exports mainly rely on primary resources, while Italian and Danish exports basically consist ofmanufactured goods and commodities. The Authors underline the importance of good trade partnership and call forpolicy measures for implementation of equitable trade pattern.
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