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| 2. |
- Santangelo, James S., et al.
(författare)
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Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural dines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale.
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| 3. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Lee, Myeong H., et al.
(författare)
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Crystal structure, electronic structure, and vibrational properties of MAlSiH (M=Ca,Sr,Ba) : Hydrogenation-induced semiconductors from the AlB2-type alloys MAlSi
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 78:19, s. 195209-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Superconducting AlB2-type silicides CaAlSi, SrAlSi, and BaAlSi (MAlSi) absorb hydrogen and form semiconducting monohydrides where hydrogen is exclusively attached to Al. This induces a metal-nonmetal transition which is accompanied with only a minor rearrangement of the metal atoms. We report the synthesis and structure determination of CaAlSiH and BaAlSiH as well as a first-principles study of the electronic structure and vibrational property changes associated with the metal-nonmetal transition. We find that incorporation of H in MAlSi removes the partly occupied antibonding pi(*) band responsible for metallic behavior and turns it into an energetically low-lying Al-H bonding band. The fully occupied bonding pi band in MAlSi changes to a weakly dispersed band with Si p(z) (lone-pair) character in the hydrides, which becomes located below the Fermi level. The soft phonon mode in MAlSi pivotal for the superconducting properties stiffens considerably in the hydride. This mode is associated with the out-of-plane Al-Si vibration and is most affected by the formation of the Al-H bond. The mode of the Al-Si in-plane vibration, however, is unaffected, indicating that the Al-Si bond is equally strong in the metallic precursor and the semiconducting hydride. Al-H modes for MAlSiH are weakly dispersed. The frequencies of the stretching mode are around 1200 cm(-1) and virtually invariant to the M environment, indicating a covalent but weak Al-H interaction, which is interpreted as a dative bond from hydridic hydrogen to Al [Al <- H1-].
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| 5. |
- Moser, D., et al.
(författare)
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A series of BaAl2-xSixH2-x (0.4 < x < 1.6) hydrides with compositions and structures in between BaSi2 and BaAl2H2
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 505:1, s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By substituting Si- with (Al-H)(-) in trigonal BaSi2, a series of hydrides has been synthesized with compositions BaAl2-xSixH2-x (0.4 < x < 1.6). OFF calculations show that the end compositions BaSi2 and BaAl2H2 are conductors whereas the intermediate BaAlSiH is a semiconductor. The cell parameters for the trigonal cell vary linearly as a function of the Si-/(Al-H)(-) substitution in this MgB2 related structure type, opening up the possibility of continuously tunable electric properties.
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| 6. |
- Céolin, D., et al.
(författare)
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Ultrafast Charge Transfer Processes Accompanying KLL Auger Decay in Aqueous KCl Solution
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007. ; 119:26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray photoelectron and KLL Auger spectra were measured for the K+ and Cl- ions in aqueous KCl solution. While the XPS spectra of these ions have similar structures, both exhibiting only weak satellites near the main line, the Auger spectra differ dramatically. Contrary to the chloride case, a very strong extra peak was found in the Auger spectrum of K+ at the low kinetic energy side of the D1 state. Using the equivalent core model and ab initio calculations this spectral feature was assigned to electron transfer processes from solvent water molecules to the solvated cation. The observed charge transfer processes are suggested to play an important role in charge redistribution following single and multiple core-hole creation in atoms and molecules placed into environment.
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| 7. |
- Dagnelund, Daniel, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of nitrogen ion bombardment on defect formation and luminescence efficiency of GaNP epilayers grown by molecular-beam epitaxy
- 2006
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 88:10, s. 101904-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radiative efficiency of GaNP epilayers grown on GaP substrates by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy is significantly improved by reduced nitrogen ion bombardment during the growth. Based on the results of temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) and optically detected magnetic resonance studies (ODMR), the observed improvements are attributed to reduced formation of defects, such as a Ga interstitial related defect and an unidentified defect revealed by ODMR. We demonstrate that these defects act as competing recombination centers, which promote thermal quenching of the PL intensity and result in a substantial (34×) decrease in room-temperature PL intensity. © 2006 American Institute of Physics.
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| 8. |
- Maeda, K, et al.
(författare)
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Local correction of a transverse loop colostomy prolapse by means of a stapler device.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Techniques in coloproctology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1123-6337 .- 1128-045X. ; 8:1, s. 45-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prolapse is a common complication in patients with a transverse loop colostomy. In most cases, the prolapse can be managed conservatively awaiting time for closure eventually. However, loop stoma may also be intentionally permanent or the patient may be too fragile to have the colostomy closed and in these cases a laparotomy is required for correction of the prolapse. A simple method allowing local correction of the prolapsed loop stoma is described.
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