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- Arvidsson, E, et al.
(author)
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Effects of different hypocaloric diets on protein secretion from adipose tissue of obese women
- 2004
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In: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 53:8, s. 1966-1971
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Little is known about common factors (e.g., macronutrients and energy supply) regulating the protein secretory function of adipose tissue. We therefore compared the effects of randomly assigned 10-week hypoenergetic (−600 kcal/day) diets with moderate-fat/moderate-carbohydrate or low-fat/high-carbohydrate content on circulating levels and production of proteins (using radioimmunoassays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays) from subcutaneous adipose tissue in 40 obese but otherwise healthy women. Similar results were obtained by the two diets. Body weight decreased by ∼7.5%. The secretion rate of leptin decreased by ∼40%, as did that of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-6 and -8 decreased by 25–30%, whereas the secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and adiponectin did not show any changes. Regarding mRNA expression (by real-time PCR), only that of leptin and IL-6 decreased significantly. Circulating levels of leptin and PAI-1 decreased by 30 and 40%, respectively, but there were only minor changes in circulating TNF-α, IL-6, or adiponectin. In conclusion, moderate caloric restriction but not macronutrient composition influences the production and secretion of adipose tissue–derived proteins during weight reduction, leptin being the most sensitive and adiponectin and PAI-1 the least sensitive.
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- Coue, M, et al.
(author)
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Natriuretic peptides promote glucose uptake in a cGMP-dependent manner in human adipocytes
- 2018
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In: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 8:1, s. 1097-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Robust associations between low plasma level of natriuretic peptides (NP) and increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been recently reported in humans. Adipose tissue (AT) is a known target of NP. However it is unknown whether NP signalling in human AT relates to insulin sensitivity and modulates glucose metabolism. We here show in two European cohorts that the NP receptor guanylyl cyclase-A (GC-A) expression in subcutaneous AT was down-regulated as a function of obesity grade while adipose NP clearance receptor (NPRC) was up-regulated. Adipose GC-A mRNA level was down-regulated in prediabetes and T2D, and negatively correlated with HOMA-IR and fasting blood glucose. We show for the first time that NP promote glucose uptake in a dose-dependent manner. This effect is reduced in adipocytes of obese individuals. NP activate mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1/2 (mTORC1/2) and Akt signalling. These effects were totally abrogated by inhibition of cGMP-dependent protein kinase and mTORC1/2 by rapamycin. We further show that NP treatment favoured glucose oxidation and de novo lipogenesis independently of significant gene regulation. Collectively, our data support a role for NP in blood glucose control and insulin sensitivity by increasing glucose uptake in human adipocytes. This effect is partly blunted in obesity.
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- Langin, D, et al.
(author)
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Adipocyte lipases and defect of lipolysis in human obesity
- 2005
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In: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1939-327X .- 0012-1797. ; 54:11, s. 3190-3197
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The mobilization of fat stored in adipose tissue is mediated by hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and the recently characterized adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), yet their relative importance in lipolysis is unknown. We show that a novel potent inhibitor of HSL does not inhibit other lipases. The compound counteracted catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis in mouse adipocytes and had no effect on residual triglyceride hydrolysis and lipolysis in HSL-null mice. In human adipocytes, catecholamine- and natriuretic peptide-induced lipolysis were completely blunted by the HSL inhibitor. When fat cells were not stimulated, glycerol but not fatty acid release was inhibited. HSL and ATGL mRNA levels increased concomitantly during adipocyte differentiation. Abundance of the two transcripts in human adipose tissue was highly correlated in habitual dietary conditions and during a hypocaloric diet, suggesting common regulatory mechanisms for the two genes. Comparison of obese and nonobese subjects showed that obesity was associated with a decrease in catecholamine-induced lipolysis and HSL expression in mature fat cells and in differentiated preadipocytes. In conclusion, HSL is the major lipase for catecholamine- and natriuretic peptide-stimulated lipolysis, whereas ATGL mediates the hydrolysis of triglycerides during basal lipolysis. Decreased catecholamine-induced lipolysis and low HSL expression constitute a possibly primary defect in obesity.
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