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Sökning: WFRF:(Voitsekhovskaja Olga V)

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1.
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2.
  • Klionsky, Daniel J., et al. (författare)
  • Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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3.
  • Voitsekhovskaja, Olga V, et al. (författare)
  • Evidence for functional heterogeneity of sieve element-companion cell complexes in minor vein phloem of Alonsoa meridionalis.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Journal of experimental botany. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2431 .- 0022-0957. ; 60:6, s. 1873-83
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Two modes of phloem loading have been proposed, apoplastic and symplastic, depending on the structure of sieve element-companion cell complexes (SE-CCCs) in minor vein phloem. Species are usually classified as either apoplastic or symplastic loaders although the cytology of SE-CCCs in minor veins of the majority of plants indicates that both mechanisms can be simultaneously involved in phloem loading. The functions of structurally different SE-CCCs in minor veins of the stachyose-translocating plant Alonsoa meridionalis were examined. A stachyose synthase gene, AmSTS1, was expressed in intermediary cells but not in the ordinary companion cell of the same vein. In contrast, sucrose transporter AmSUT1 protein was present in ordinary companion cells but not in the neighbouring intermediary cells. These data reveal the principles of phloem sap formation in A. meridionalis and, probably, in many other dicots. The two types of SE-CCCs within one and the same minor vein load different carbohydrates, using contrasting mechanisms for their delivery into the phloem. Lateral sieve pores in the minor vein phloem lead to mixing of the carbohydrates soon after loading. While symplastic and apoplastic pathways can function simultaneously during phloem loading, they are separated at the level of different SE-CCCs combined in phloem endings.
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4.
  • Romanova, Marina A., et al. (författare)
  • All together now : Cellular and molecular aspects of leaf development in lycophytes, ferns, and seed plants
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-701X. ; 11
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Recent advances in plant developmental genetics together with rapid accumulation of transcriptomic data on plants from divergent lineages provide an exciting opportunity to explore the evolution of plant morphology. To understand leaf origin in sporophytes of land plants, we have combined the available molecular and structural data on development of leaves with different morphologies in different plant lineages: clubmosses, spikemosses, leptosporangiate ferns, ophioglossioid ferns, marattioid ferns, whisk ferns, horsetails, and conifers. Specifically, we address the peculiarities of proximo-distal, ad/abaxial, and lateral development; presence/absence of mesophyll differentiation into palisade and spongy parenchyma; and type of leaf vascular bundles (collateral and bicollateral). Furthermore, taxon-specific and morphology-specific features of leaf development are considered in the context of the organization of shoot apical meristems (SAMs)—monoplex, simplex, or duplex—that produce leaf primordia. The data available imply that cellular patterns of leaf initiation correlate strongly with the structure of the SAMs but not with further leaf development or morphology. The later stages of leaf development are neither correlated with SAM structure nor with taxonomy. Occurrence and, if available, patterns of expression of homologs of the angiosperm genes responsible for the development of adaxial (ARP and C3HDZ) and abaxial (YABBY and KANADI) leaf domains, or establishment of the leaf marginal meristem (WOX) are discussed. We show that there is no correlation in the set of homologs of TFs that regulate abaxial and adaxial leaf domain development between leaves containing only spongy and no palisade mesophyll (of spikemosses, clubmosses, whisk ferns, horsetails, and most conifers), and leaves differentiated into palisade and spongy mesophyll (of leptosporangiate ferns, Ginkgo, Gnetum, and angiosperms). Expression of three out of four regulators of leaf development in primordia of both leaves and sporangia—C3HDZ in spikemosses and whisk ferns, YABBY in clubmosses and KANADI in spikemosses and horsetails—indicates that a sporangium developmental program could have been co-opted as a “precursor program” for the origin of microphylls and euphylls. Additionally, expression of leaf development regulators in SAMs of spikemosses (ARP, C3HDZ, and KANADI), clubmosses (YABBY), leptosporangiate ferns (C3HDZ), and horsetails (C3HDZ and KANADI) indicates that at least some mechanisms of SAM regulation were co-opted as well in the pre-program of leaf precursors.
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5.
  • Schubert, Maria, et al. (författare)
  • Two novel disaccharides, rutinose and methylrutinose, are involved in carbon metabolism in Datisca glomerata
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Planta. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0032-0935 .- 1432-2048. ; 231:3, s. 507-521
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Datisca glomerata forms nitrogen-fixing root nodules in symbiosis with soil actinomycetes from the genus Frankia. Analysis of sugars in roots, nodules and leaves of D. glomerata revealed the presence of two novel compounds that were identified as alpha-L: -rhamnopyranoside-(1 --> 6)-D: -glucose (rutinose) and alpha-L: -rhamnopyranoside-(1 --> 6)-1-O-beta-D: -methylglucose (methylrutinose). Rutinose has been found previously as a/the glycoside part of several flavonoid glycosides, e.g. rutin, also of datiscin, the main flavonoid of Datisca cannabina, but had not been reported as free sugar. Time course analyses suggest that both rutinose and methylrutinose might play a role in transient carbon storage in sink organs and, to a lesser extent, in source leaves. Their concentrations show that they can accumulate in the vacuole. Rutinose, but not methylrutinose, was accepted as a substrate by the tonoplast disaccharide transporter SUT4 from Arabidopsis. In vivo (14)C-labeling and the study of uptake of exogenous sucrose and rutinose from the leaf apoplast showed that neither rutinose nor methylrutinose appreciably participate in phloem translocation of carbon from source to sink organs, despite rutinose being found in the apoplast at significant levels. A model for sugar metabolism in D. glomerata is presented.
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6.
  • Tyutereva, Elena V., et al. (författare)
  • The levels of peroxisomal catalase protein and activity modulate the onset of cell death in tobacco BY-2 cells via reactive oxygen species levels and autophagy
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Functional Plant Biology. - 1445-4408 .- 1445-4416. ; 45:1-2, s. 247-258
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In plant cells, peroxisomes participate in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS). One of the major regulators of cellular ROS levels-catalase (CAT)-occurs exclusively in peroxisomes. CAT activity is required for immunity-triggered autophagic programmed cell death (PCD). Autophagy has been recently demonstrated to represent a route for degradation of peroxisomes in plant cells. In the present study, the dynamics of the cellular peroxisome pool in tobacco BY-2 cell suspension cultures were used to analyse the effects of inhibition of basal autophagy with special attention to CAT activity. Numbers of peroxisomes per cell, levels of CAT protein and activity, cell viability, ROS levels and expression levels of genes encoding components of antioxidant system were analysed upon application of 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an inhibitor of autophagy, and/or aminotriazole (AT), an inhibitor of CAT. When applied separately, 3-MA and AT led to an increase in cell death, but this effect was attenuated by their simultaneous application. The obtained data suggest that both the levels of CAT protein in peroxisomes as well as CAT activity modulate the onset of cell death in tobacco BY-2 cells via ROS levels and autophagy.
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7.
  • Demchenko, Kirill N., et al. (författare)
  • Plasmodesmata without callose and calreticulin in higher plants - open channels for fast syrnplastic transport?
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Reseach Foundation. - 1664-462X. ; 5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Plasmodesmata (PD) represent membrane-lined channels that link adjacent plant cells across the cell wall. PD of higher plants contain a central tube of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) called desmotubule. Membrane and lumen proteins seem to be able to move through the desmotubule, but most transport processes through PD occur through the cytoplasmic annulus (Brunkard (Bale 2013). Calreticulin (CRT), a highly conserved Ca2+-binding protein found in all multicellular eukaryotes, predominantly located in the ER, was shown to localize to PD, though not all PD accumulate CRT. In nitrogen-fixing actinorhizal root nodules of the Australian tree Casuarina glauca, the primary walls of infected cells containing the microsymbiont become lignified upon infection. TEM analysis of these nodules showed that during the differentiation of infected cells, PD connecting infected cells, and connecting infected and adjacent uninfected cells, were reduced in number as well as diameter (Schubert eta, 2013). In contrast with PD connecting young infected cells, and most PD connecting mature infected and adjacent uninfected cells, PD connecting mature infected cells did not accumulate CRT. Furthermore, as shown here, these PD were not associated with callose, and based on their diameter, they probably had lost their desmotubules. We speculate that either this is a slow path to PD degradation, or that the loss of callose accumulation and presumably also desmotubules leads to the PD becoming open channels and improves metabolite exchange between cells.
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8.
  • Evkaikina, Anastasiia I., et al. (författare)
  • The Huperzia selago Shoot Tip Transcriptome Sheds New Light on the Evolution of Leaves
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Genome Biology and Evolution. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1759-6653 .- 1759-6653. ; 9:9, s. 2444-2460
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Lycopodiophyta-consisting of three orders, Lycopodiales, Isoetales and Selaginellales, with different types of shoot apical meristems (SAMs)-form the earliest branch among the extant vascular plants. They represent a sister group to all other vascular plants, from which they differ in that their leaves are microphylls-that is, leaves with a single, unbranched vein, emerging from the protostele without a leaf gap-not megaphylls. All leaves represent determinate organs originating on the flanks of indeterminate SAMs. Thus, leaf formation requires the suppression of indeterminacy, that is, of KNOX transcription factors. In seed plants, this is mediated by different groups of transcription factors including ARP and YABBY. We generated a shoot tip transcriptome of Huperzia selago (Lycopodiales) to examine the genes involved in leaf formation. Our H. selago transcriptome does not contain any ARP homolog, although transcriptomes of Selaginella spp. do. Surprisingly, we discovered a YABBY homolog, although these transcription factors were assumed to have evolved only in seed plants. The existence of a YABBY homolog in H. selago suggests that YABBY evolved already in the common ancestor of the vascular plants, and subsequently was lost in some lineages like Selaginellales, whereas ARP may have been lost in Lycopodiales. The presence of YABBY in the common ancestor of vascular plants would also support the hypothesis that this common ancestor had a simplex SAM. Furthermore, a comparison of the expression patterns of ARP in shoot tips of Selaginella kraussiana (Harrison CJ, et al. 2005. Independent recruitment of a conserved developmental mechanism during leaf evolution. Nature 434(7032): 509-514.) and YABBY in shoot tips of H. selago implies that the development of microphylls, unlike megaphylls, does not seem to depend on the combined activities of ARP and YABBY. Altogether, our data show that Lycopodiophyta are a diverse group; so, in order to understand the role of Lycopodiophyta in evolution, representatives of Lycopodiales, Selaginellales, as well as of Isoetales, have to be examined.
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9.
  • Maksimova (Evkaikina), Anastasiia, et al. (författare)
  • What can the phylogeny of class I KNOX genes and their expression patterns in land plants tell us about the evolution of shoot development?
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0024-4074 .- 1095-8339. ; 195:3, s. 254-280
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • KNOX genes encode transcription factors (TFs), several of which act non-cell-autonomously. KNOX genes evolved in algae, and two classes, class I KNOX and class II KNOX genes, were already present in charophytes. In tracheophytes, class I KNOX genes are expressed in shoot apical meristems (SAMs) and thought to inhibit cell differentiation, whereas class II KNOX genes are expressed in mature organs regulating differentiation. In this review, we summarize the data available on gene families and expression patterns of class I and class II KNOX genes in embryophytes. The expression patterns of class I KNOX genes should be seen in the context of SAM structure and of leaf primordium development where the inhibition of cell differentiation needs to be lifted. Although the SAMs of angiosperms and gnetophytes almost always belong to the duplex type, several other types are distributed in gymnosperms, ferns, lycopods and bryophytes. KNOX gene families remained small (maximally five genes) in the representatives of bryophytes, lycopods and ferns examined thus far; however, they expanded to some extent in gymnosperms and, independently and much more strongly, in angiosperms. The growing sophistication of mechanisms to repress and re-induce class KNOX I expression played a major role in the evolution of leaf shape.
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10.
  • Romanova, Marina A., et al. (författare)
  • YABBY Genes in the Development and Evolution of Land Plants
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 22:8
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Mounting evidence from genomic and transcriptomic studies suggests that most genetic networks regulating the morphogenesis of land plant sporophytes were co-opted and modified from those already present in streptophyte algae and gametophytes of bryophytes sensu lato. However, thus far, no candidate genes have been identified that could be responsible for planation, a conversion from a three-dimensional to a two-dimensional growth pattern. According to the telome theory, planation was required for the genesis of the leaf blade in the course of leaf evolution. The key transcription factors responsible for leaf blade development in angiosperms are YABBY proteins, which until recently were thought to be unique for seed plants. Yet, identification of a YABBY homologue in a green alga and the recent findings of YABBY homologues in lycophytes and hornworts suggest that YABBY proteins were already present in the last common ancestor of land plants. Thus, these transcriptional factors could have been involved in planation, which fosters our understanding of the origin of leaves. Here, we summarise the current data on functions of YABBY proteins in the vegetative and reproductive development of diverse angiosperms and gymnosperms as well as in the development of lycophytes. Furthermore, we discuss a putative role of YABBY proteins in the genesis of multicellular shoot apical meristems and in the evolution of leaves in early divergent terrestrial plants.
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