| 1. |
- Frick, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Relationships between the National Adult Reading Test and memory.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Neuropsychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0894-4105 .- 1931-1559. ; 25:3, s. 397-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to investigate the relationships between performance on the National Adult Reading Test (NART) and retrospective, concurrent, and prospective memory functioning, as well as between the NART and change in memory functioning over time.METHOD: NART administered in 2005 was used as a predictor for memory functioning in 2001, 2005, and 2008, and change in memory functioning from 2001 to 2008. Outcome measures were Logical Memory II, Letter-Number Sequencing, and Spatial Span from the Wechsler Memory Scale. Participants were 319 healthy women aged 40-79 years at baseline (2001).RESULTS: Significant correlations were found between the number of errors on the NART and memory measures in 2001, 2005, and 2008; Logical Memory II (r = -.41, -.38, -.39, respectively), Letter-Number Sequencing (r = -.38, -.35, -.36, respectively) and Spatial Span (r = -.23, -.22, -.19, respectively; all p values < .001). NART significantly added to predictions of all three measures of memory, after controlling for age, level of education and socioeconomic status. NART also significantly added to predictions of change in Logical Memory II and Letter-Number Sequencing over a 7-year period.CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the NART is correlated with episodic and working memory, and that the NART added to predictions of change in verbal episodic and working memory. Although the relationships are only moderate at best, the NART may be used in conjunction with demographic information and clinical reasoning to estimate premorbid memory functioning.
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| 2. |
- Larsson, Maria U., et al.
(författare)
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Phonemic fluency deficits in asymptomatic gene carriers for Huntington's disease
- 2008
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Ingår i: Neuropsychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0894-4105 .- 1931-1559. ; 22:5, s. 596-605
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate verbal fluency in preclinical Huntington's disease (HD). Phonemic and semantic fluency and the rate of word production over time were assessed for 29 asymptomatic gene carriers and 34 noncarriers of HD. The relationship between fluency tasks and other cognitive domains was investigated. Compared to noncarriers, carriers produced fewer words and produced them more slowly in the phonemic fluency task but not in the semantic fluency task. When the carrier group was divided on the basis of Predicted-Years-To-Onset (PYTO), only carriers with <12 PYTO performed worse than noncarriers on both fluency tasks. Correlational analyses revealed that phonemic fluency was associated with cognitive speed and working memory, while semantic fluency was linked with crystallized abilities. The difference between carriers and noncarriers in phonemic fluency and a difference between the two carrier groups (<12 PYTO and ≥12 PYTO) in semantic fluency, but not in phonemic fluency, suggest that frontostriatal deficits may precede temporal involvement in preclinical HD.
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| 3. |
- Rana, A.K.M. Masud, et al.
(författare)
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Association of bone and joint diseases with health-related quality of life among older people : a population-based cross-sectional study in rural Bangladesh
- 2009
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Ingår i: Ageing & Society. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0144-686X .- 1469-1779. ; 29:5, s. 727-743
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the cross-sectional association of bone and joint diseases with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among 850 randomly sampled people aged 60 or more years in a rural area of Bangladesh. Information about arthritis, back and joint pain was collected through self-reports and two physicians' assessments at a health centre. Health-related quality of life was measured using a multi-dimensional generic instrument designed for older people that has questions on the construct's physical, psychological, social, economic, spiritual and environmental dimensions. Bivariate analyses showed that the most negative effects of bone and joint diseases were on the physical and psychological dimensions. Hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed that joint pain, whether doctor-diagnosed or self-reported, and self-reported back pain were all associated with lower HRQoL scores and accounted for almost 20 per cent of the variation (adjusted for age, sex, education, marital status, household size, income, expenditure and occupation). The analyses further revealed that women with self-reported back pain had significantly lower psychological, environmental and overall HRQoL scores than equivalent men, while self-reported joint pain was associated with significantly lower scores only for the environmental dimension. The strong association of bone and joint diseases with HRQoL underscores the importance of regarding these illnesses as public health problems.
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| 4. |
- Rana, A.K.M. Masud, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of health education on health-related quality of life among elderly persons : results from a community-based intervention study in rural Bangladesh
- 2009
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Ingår i: Health Promotion International. - : Oxford University Press. - 0957-4824 .- 1460-2245. ; 24:1, s. 36-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the change in health-related quality oflife (HRQoL) among (60 years) elderly persons as a result ofhealth education intervention. A community-based interventionstudy was performed in eight randomly selected villages (Intervention:n = 4; Control: n = 4) in rural Bangladesh. A total of 1135elderly persons was selected for this study. The analyses include839 participants (Intervention: n = 425; Control: n = 414) whoparticipated in both baseline and post-intervention surveys.Participants in the intervention area were further stratifiedinto compliant (n = 315) and non-compliant (n = 110) groupsbased on the reported compliance to the intervention activities.The intervention includes, for example, physical activity, adviceon healthy food intake and other aspects of management. To createan enabling environment, social awareness was provided by meansof information about the contribution of and challenges facedby elderly persons at home and the community, including informationabout elderly persons' health and health care. The interventionactivities were provided to the elderly persons, caregivers,household members and community people for 15 months. The HRQoLwas assessed using a multi-dimensional generic instrument designedfor elderly persons. Multivariate analyses revealed that inthe non-compliant group the probabilities of increased scoreswere less likely in overall HRQoL (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.32–0.82).Among the Control group, increased scores were less likely inthe physical (OR 73, 95% CI 0.54–0.99), social (OR 0.37,95% CI 0.27–0.50), spiritual (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.34–0.94),environment (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.26–0.49) dimensions andoverall HRQoL (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.32–0.59) (adjusted forage, sex, literacy, marital status and economic status). Thisstudy concludes that provision of community-based health educationintervention might be a potential public health initiative toenhance the HRQoL in old age.
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| 5. |
- Rana, A.K.M. Masud, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of health education in managing self-reported arthritis-related illness among elderly persons in rural Bangladesh
- 2008
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Ingår i: Health Education Research. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 0268-1153 .- 1465-3648. ; 23:1, s. 94-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the impact of health education on prevalenceof and expenditure on treatment of self-reported arthritis-relatedillness among elderly persons in rural Bangladesh. An interventionstudy was conducted, including 1135 elderly persons (60 years)from eight randomly selected villages, four each of an interventionand a control area. The analyses include 839 elderly personswho participated in both pre- and post-intervention surveys(intervention area: n = 425, control area: n = 414). Participantsof the intervention area were further categorized as compliant(n = 315) and non-compliant (n = 110) based on adherence tothe intervention instructions. The intervention that lastedfor 15 months comprised home-based physical exercise, dietaryinstructions and other aspects of management. Results show thatalthough there was no significant difference in self-reportedarthritis-related illness between the compliant and non-compliantgroups at baseline, it was significantly lower in the compliantgroup (71%) at post-intervention compared with the non-compliant(81%). Related monthly expenditure on treatment was significantlyreduced in the compliant group (from Taka 104 to Taka 52) butnot in the other two groups. Logistic regressions further showedthat the control group had a higher probability of increasedtreatment-related expenditure compared with the compliant group(OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4–2.8).
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| 6. |
- Wahlin, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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How health and biological age influence chronological age and sex differences in cognitive aging: Moderating, mediating, or both?
- 2006
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Ingår i: Psychology and Aging. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0882-7974 .- 1939-1498. ; 21:2, s. 318-332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much research on cognitive competence in normal older adults has documented age and sex differences. We used cross-sectional data from the Victoria Longitudinal Study (n=386; age 61-95 years) to examine how health and biological age influence age and sex differences in cognitive aging. We found evidence for both moderating and mediating influences. Age differences were moderated by health status, such that the negative effects of age were most pronounced among participants of relatively better health. Sex differences were moderated by health and were pronounced among participants reporting comparatively poorer health. Although health mediated a notable amount of age-related cognitive variation, BioAge mediated considerably more variance, even after statistical control for differences in health. A complex pattern emerged for the mediation of sex differences: whereas BioAge accounted for sex-related variation in cognitive performance, health operated to suppress these differences. Overall, both health and BioAge predicted cognitive variation independently of chronological age.
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