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- Chapin, III F.S., et al.
(författare)
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Resilience-based stewardship : Strategies for navigating sustainable pathways in a changing world.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Principles of ecosystem stewardship. - New York : Springer Verlag. - 9780387730332 ; , s. 319-337
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Accelerated global changes in climate, environment, and social–ecological systems demand a transformation in human perceptions of our place in nature and patterns of resource use. The biology and culture of Homo sapiens evolved for about 95% of our species’ history in hunting-and-gathering societies before the emergence of settled agriculture. We have lived in complex societies for about 3%, and in industrial societies using fossil fuels for about 0.1% of our history. The pace of cultural evolution, including governance arrangements and resource-use patterns, appears insufficient to adjust to the rate and magnitude of technological innovations, human population increases, and environmental impacts that have occurred. Many of these changes are accelerating, causing unsustainable exploitation of ecosystems, including many boreal and tropical forests, drylands, and marine fisheries. The net effect has been serious degradation of the planet’s life-support system on which societal development ultimately depends (see Chapters 2 and 14.
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| 3. |
- Talley, Nicholas J., et al.
(författare)
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Editorial: Tobacco use in functional dyspepsia—another smoking gun? Authors' reply
- 2021
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Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Wiley. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 54:1, s. 79-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- We thank Drs Woo and Andrews for their commentary on our study. We agree the association of smoking with functional dyspepsia is likely important. Notably, smoking was associated with postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) in a dose-response manner but not epigastric pain, adjusting for anxiety and depression, potentially implicating pathophysiologic alterations in the upper gut over the brain in the aetiopathogenesis. While we could not adjust for coffee intake in our study, other data suggest coffee is unlikely to account for functional dyspepsia symptoms. We suspect nicotine is not a major explanation for our findings because snuffing was not positively associated with PDS and we adjusted for snuff use in the analyses which did not significantly change the results. However, any association between PDS and vaping has not been explored and we agree would be worthwhile. We remain intrigued by the hypothesis that smoking may be a risk factor for duodenal micro-inflammation characterised by increased eosinophils and mast cells, and increased mucosal permeability, which may lead to functional dyspepsia.
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