| 1. |
- Margaryan, Ashot, et al.
(författare)
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Population genomics of the Viking world
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 585:7825, s. 390-396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The maritime expansion of Scandinavian populations during the Viking Age (about ad750–1050) was a far-flung transformation in world history1,2. Here we sequenced the genomes of 442humans from archaeological sites across Europe and Greenland (to a median depth of about 1×) to understand the global influence of this expansion. We find the Viking period involved gene flow into Scandinavia from the south and east. We observe genetic structure within Scandinavia, with diversity hotspots in the south and restricted gene flow within Scandinavia. We find evidence for a major influx of Danish ancestry into England; a Swedish influx into the Baltic; and Norwegian influx into Ireland, Iceland and Greenland. Additionally, we see substantial ancestry from elsewhere in Europe entering Scandinavia during the Viking Age. Our ancient DNA analysis also revealed that a Viking expedition included close family members. By comparing with modern populations, we find that pigmentation-associated loci have undergone strong population differentiation during the past millennium, and trace positively selected loci—including the lactase-persistence allele of LCT and alleles of ANKA that are associated with the immune response—in detail. We conclude that the Viking diaspora was characterized by substantial transregional engagement: distinct populations influenced the genomic makeup of different regions of Europe, and Scandinavia experienced increased contact with the rest of the continent.
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| 2. |
- Rodríguez-Varela, Ricardo, et al.
(författare)
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The genetic history of Scandinavia from the Roman Iron Age to the present
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cell. - : Elsevier. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 186:1, s. 32-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate a 2,000-year genetic transect through Scandinavia spanning the Iron Age to the present, based on 48 new and 249 published ancient genomes and genotypes from 16,638 modern individuals. We find regional variation in the timing and magnitude of gene flow from three sources: the eastern Baltic, the British-Irish Isles, and southern Europe. British-Irish ancestry was widespread in Scandinavia from the Viking period, whereas eastern Baltic ancestry is more localized to Gotland and central Sweden. In some regions, a drop in current levels of external ancestry suggests that ancient immigrants contributed proportionately less to the modern Scandinavian gene pool than indicated by the ancestry of genomes from the Viking and Medieval periods. Finally, we show that a north-south genetic cline that characterizes modern Scandinavians is mainly due to the differential levels of Uralic ancestry and that this cline existed in the Viking Age and possibly earlier.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Boyd, Sally, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Sociolinguistic variation among multilingual youth: Comparing Swedish cities and Toronto
- 2015
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Ingår i: Language, Youth and Identity in the 21st Century: Linguistic Practices Across Urban Spaces. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 9781139061896 ; , s. 290-306
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the sociolinguistic effects of multilingualism in urban settings around the world, as international immigration has resulted in formerly monolingual urban centres becoming increasingly diverse, both ethnically and linguistically. Clearly, such major changes in the linguistic make-up of many major cities in Europe and North America can be expected to have sociolinguistic consequences, and new patterns of sociolinguistic variation observed in the majority languages (MLs) as spoken by native-born multilingual young people have been labelled by some researchers as ‘ethnolects’ or ‘multiethnolects’ (Carlock and Wölck 1981; Kotsinas 1988a; Quist 2000, 2008). ‘(Multi)ethnolects’ are reported in European cities with MLs such as Danish, Dutch, French, German, Norwegian and Swedish (Doran 2002, 2004; Kallmeyer and Keim 2003; see Chapter 1, this volume) and in English-speaking cities in North America, the UK and Australia (e.g. Hoffman and Walker 2010; Kerswill, Torgersen and Fox 2008; Kiesling 2005; Chapter 2, this volume). In order for a set of linguistic features to be considered to be a new variety that could be labelled a ‘(multi)ethnolect’, we argue (following Fraurud and Boyd 2011, Hudson 1996 and Ferguson 1994) that at least two conditions should hold: first, users of the putative variety should orient themselves either to a specific ethnic origin (ethnolect) or to a general ‘non-mainstream’ identity (multiethnolect); second, the features of the putative new variety should be shared by a significant proportion of the individuals who orient themselves to their ethnolinguistic identity, should be used frequently and regularly, and should be identified as characteristic of these users. (An additional criterion, not explored in this chapter, is that variables should also show linguistic conditioning differing from that of mainstream speakers (Hoffman and Walker 2010).) If these conditions are not met (e.g. either group membership or linguistic variation are more diffuse and unfocused), we argue that there is little reason to consider the features to be anything other than part and parcel of the patterns of sociolinguistic variation found in multilingual urban centres (see e.g. Jaspers 2008; Quist 2008; Chapters 2 and 3, this volume). In this case, we argue that the speakers should be considered to be part of a single speech community (cf. Labov 1972b: 120–1; Patrick 2002) that, like all others, is characterized by sociolinguistic variation. © Cambridge University Press 2015.
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| 6. |
- Gaver, W. W., et al.
(författare)
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The Drift Table : Designing for ludic engagement
- 2004
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Ingår i: Conf Hum Fact Comput Syst Proc. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 1581137036 - 9781581137033 ; , s. 885-900
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Drift Table is an electronic coffee table that displays slowly moving aerial photography controlled by the distribution of weight on its surface. It was designed to investigate our ideas about how technologies for the home could support ludic activities-that is, activities motivated by curiosity, exploration, and reflection rather than externally-defined tasks. The many design choices we made, for example to block or disguise utilitarian functionality, helped to articulate our emerging understanding of ludic design. Observations of the Drift Table being used in volunteers' homes over several weeks gave greater insight into how playful exploration is practically achieved and the issues involved in designing for ludic engagement.
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| 7. |
- Waller, William H., et al.
(författare)
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FM14 Session 2: Communicating Astronomy in our Changing World
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1743-9213 .- 1743-9221. ; 14:A30, s. 528-530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the IAU heads towards its second century, many changes have simultaneously transformed Astronomy and the human condition world-wide. Amid the amazing recent discoveries of exoplanets, primeval galaxies, and gravitational radiation, the human condition on Earth has become blazingly interconnected, yet beset with ever-increasing problems of over-population, pollution, and never-ending wars. Fossil-fueled global climate change has begun to yield perilous consequences. And the displacement of people from war-torn nations has reached levels not seen since World War II. © International Astronomical Union 2020.
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| 8. |
- Zhang, Pei, et al.
(författare)
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Defining the Scope of Exposome Studies and Research Needs from a Multidisciplinary Perspective
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2328-8930. ; 8:10, s. 839-852
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of the exposome was introduced over 15 years ago to reflect the important role that the environment exerts on health and disease. While originally viewed as a call-to-arms to develop more comprehensive exposure assessment methods applicable at the individual level and throughout the life course, the scope of the exposome has now expanded to include the associated biological response. In order to explore these concepts, a workshop was hosted by the Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR, Japan) to discuss the scope of exposomics from an international and multidisciplinary perspective. This Global Perspective is a summary of the discussions with emphasis on (1) top-down, bottom-up, and functional approaches to exposomics, (2) the need for integration and standardization of LC- and GC-based high-resolution mass spectrometry methods for untargeted exposome analyses, (3) the design of an exposomics study, (4) the requirement for open science workflows including mass spectral libraries and public databases, (5) the necessity for large investments in mass spectrometry infrastructure in order to sequence the exposome, and (6) the role of the exposome in precision medicine and nutrition to create personalized environmental exposure profiles. Recommendations are made on key issues to encourage continued advancement and cooperation in exposomics.
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