| 1. |
- Chen, Zhibin, et al.
(författare)
-
Summary of the 3rd International Workshop on Gas-Dynamic Trap based Fusion Neutron Source (GDT-FNS)
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 62:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 3rd International Workshop on Gas-Dynamic Trap-based Fusion Neutron Source (GDT-FNS) was held through the hybrid mode on 13-14 September 2021 in Hefei, China, jointly organized by the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP), Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). It followed the 1st GDT-FNS Workshop held in November 2018 in Hefei, China, and the 2nd taking place in November 2019 in Novosibirsk, Russian Federation. With the financial support from CAS and China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), this workshop was attended by more than 80 participants representing 20 institutes and universities from seven countries, with oral presentations broadcast via the Zoom conferencing system. Twenty-two presentations were made with topics covering design and key technologies, simulation and experiments, steady-state operation, status of the ALIANCE project, multi applications of neutron sources, and other concepts (Tokamaks, Mirrors, FRC, Plasma Focus, etc). The workshop consensus was made including the establishment of the ALIANCE International Working Group. The next GDT-FNS workshop is planned to be held in May 2022 in Novosibirsk.
|
|
| 2. |
- Chen, Cheng, et al.
(författare)
-
A novel multi-source data fusion method based on Bayesian inference for accurate estimation of chlorophyll-a concentration over eutrophic lakes
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Environmental Modelling and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-8152. ; 141
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel multi-source data fusion method based on Bayesian inference (BIF) was proposed in this study to blend the advantages of in-situ observations and remote sensing estimations for obtaining accurate chlorophyll-a (Chla) concentration in Lake Taihu (China). Two error models (additive and multiplicative) were adopted to construct the likelihood function in BIF; the BIF method was also compared with three commonly used data fusion algorithms, including linear and nonlinear regression data fusion (LRF and NLRF) and cumulative distribution function matching data fusion (CDFF). The results showed the multiplicative error model had small normalized residual errors and was a more suitable choice. The BIF method largely outperformed the data fusion algorithms of CDFF, NLRF and LRF, with the largest correlation coefficients and smallest root mean square error. Moreover, the BIF results can capture the high Chla concentrations in the northwest and the low Chla concentrations in the east of Lake Taihu.
|
|
| 3. |
- Fan, Qunping, et al.
(författare)
-
Unidirectional Sidechain Engineering to Construct Dual-Asymmetric Acceptors for 19.23 % Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Low Energy Loss and Efficient Charge Transfer
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 62:36
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Achieving both high open-circuit voltage (V-oc) and short-circuit current density (J(sc)) to boost power-conversion efficiency (PCE) is a major challenge for organic solar cells (OSCs), wherein high energy loss (E-loss) and inefficient charge transfer usually take place. Here, three new Y-series acceptors of mono-asymmetric asy-YC11 and dual-asymmetric bi-asy-YC9 and bi-asy-YC12 are developed. They share the same asymmetric D(1)AD(2) (D-1=thieno[3,2-b]thiophene and D-2=selenopheno[3,2-b]thiophene) fused-core but have different unidirectional sidechain on D-1 side, allowing fine-tuned molecular properties, such as intermolecular interaction, packing pattern, and crystallinity. Among the binary blends, the PM6 : bi-asy-YC12 one has better morphology with appropriate phase separation and higher order packing than the PM6 : asy-YC9 and PM6 : bi-asy-YC11 ones. Therefore, the PM6 : bi-asy-YC12-based OSCs offer a higher PCE of 17.16 % with both high V-oc and J(sc), due to the reduced E-loss and efficient charge transfer properties. Inspired by the high V-oc and strong NIR-absorption, bi-asy-YC12 is introduced into efficient binary PM6 : L8-BO to construct ternary OSCs. Thanks to the broadened absorption, optimized morphology, and furtherly minimized E-loss, the PM6 : L8-BO : bi-asy-YC12-based OSCs achieve a champion PCE of 19.23 %, which is one of the highest efficiencies among these annealing-free devices. Our developed unidirectional sidechain engineering for constructing bi-asymmetric Y-series acceptors provides an approach to boost PCE of OSCs.
|
|
| 4. |
- Li, Dong-gang, et al.
(författare)
-
Diffusion layer growth at Zn/Cu interface under uniform and gradient high magnetic fields
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 495:1-2, s. 244-248
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a common phenomenon occurring in many material processes, diffusion may induce significant changes in composition and microstructure near the interface. In the present study, liquid/solid (Zn/Cu) interface diffusion experiments in high magnetic fields (up to 12 T) were conducted and the thickness changes of diffusion layer under different magnetic field conditions were examined. It was found that there were no noticeable effects of high magnetic fields on the formation of intermetallic phases at the interface. However, the magnetic flux density exerted a non-linear influence on the diffusion layer thickness. This phenomenon should be attributed to the effect of magnetic fields suppressing natural convection and inducing thermo-electromagnetic convection. In addition, the diffusion of Zn into Cu could be retarded by a magnetic field gradient. These results indicate that both the strength and the gradient of high magnetic fields can be used to control the diffusion behavior.
|
|
| 5. |
- Li, Gang, et al.
(författare)
-
All-cause mortality in patients with treatment-resistant depression : a cohort study in the US population
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Annals of General Psychiatry. - : BMC. - 1744-859X. ; 18:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) may represent a substantial proportion of major depressive disorder (MDD); however, the risk of mortality in TRD is still incompletely assessed. Methods Data were obtained from Optum Clinformatics (TM) Extended, a US claims database. Date of the first antidepressant (AD) dispensing was designated as the index date for study entry and 6 months prior to that was considered the baseline period. Patients with MDD aged >= 18 years, index date between January 1, 2008 and September 30, 2015, no AD claims during baseline, and continuous enrollment in the database during baseline were included. Patients who started a third AD regimen after two regimens of appropriate duration were included in the TRD cohort. All-cause mortality was compared between patients with TRD and non-TRD MDD using a proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier estimate with TRD status being treated as a time-varying covariate. The model was adjusted for study year, age, gender, depression diagnosis, substance use disorder, psychiatric comorbidities, and Charlson comorbidity index. Results Out of 355,942 patients with MDD, 34,176 (9.6%) met the criterion for TRD. TRD was associated with a significantly higher mortality compared with non-TRD MDD (adjusted HR: 1.29; 95% CI 1.22-1.38; p < 0.0001). Survival time was significantly shorter in the TRD cohort compared with the non-TRD MDD cohort (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Patients with TRD had a higher all-cause mortality compared with non-TRD MDD patients.
|
|
| 6. |
- Li, Gang, 1991, et al.
(författare)
-
Bayesian genome scale modelling identifies thermal determinants of yeast metabolism
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 12:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The molecular basis of how temperature affects cell metabolism has been a long-standing question in biology, where the main obstacles are the lack of high-quality data and methods to associate temperature effects on the function of individual proteins as well as to combine them at a systems level. Here we develop and apply a Bayesian modeling approach to resolve the temperature effects in genome scale metabolic models (GEM). The approach minimizes uncertainties in enzymatic thermal parameters and greatly improves the predictive strength of the GEMs. The resulting temperature constrained yeast GEM uncovers enzymes that limit growth at superoptimal temperatures, and squalene epoxidase (ERG1) is predicted to be the most rate limiting. By replacing this single key enzyme with an ortholog from a thermotolerant yeast strain, we obtain a thermotolerant strain that outgrows the wild type, demonstrating the critical role of sterol metabolism in yeast thermosensitivity. Therefore, apart from identifying thermal determinants of cell metabolism and enabling the design of thermotolerant strains, our Bayesian GEM approach facilitates modelling of complex biological systems in the absence of high-quality data and therefore shows promise for becoming a standard tool for genome scale modeling.
|
|
| 7. |
- Li, Gang, et al.
(författare)
-
Quantum Spin Hall States in 2D Bismuth-Based Materials
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Springer Series in Materials Science. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2196-2812 .- 0933-033X. ; 285, s. 351-379
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Berrys phase, an inherent constituent of the electronic wave functions, has revolutionarily enriched our understanding of the fundamental states of matter and has triggered the discovery of many interesting phenomena in condensed matter physics, such as quantum charge/spin pumping, polarization, topological insulating phase, etc. Among them, the discovery of the two-dimensional (2D) quantum spin Hall (QSH) states protected by time-reversal symmetry (TRS) boosts the wide interest in the study of topological materials in the past decade. These include the 2D quantum anomalous Hall states (QAH), three-dimensional topological insulators (TIs), Dirac semimetals (SM), and topological nodal-line SMs as well as Weyl SMs. This article by no means can cover everything of this rapidly developing field, we rather focus on the bismuth-based honeycomb materials hosting large-gap QSH/QAH states, which promise applications for room-temperature spintronic. We will explain their topological mechanisms in terms of Berrys phase and topological invariant. After introducing a concrete material example which has been successfully grown in experiment, e.g., Bi/SiC(0001), various theoretical proposals on atom substitution and functionalization based on bismuth honeycomb lattice will then be discussed, from which a general designing principle for achieving large topological gaps can be summarized. This article hopes to stimulate more experimental activities toward the examination of large-gap QSH/QAH theoretical proposals and the potential applications in spintronic devices.
|
|
| 8. |
- Li, Xiaowei, 1986, et al.
(författare)
-
Metabolic network remodelling enhances yeast’s fitness on xylose using aerobic glycolysis
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature Catalysis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2520-1158. ; 4:9, s. 783-796
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reprogramming of metabolism in response to switching the carbon source from glucose to non-preferred carbon sources is well-studied for yeast. However, understanding how metabolic networks respond to utilize a non-natural carbon source such as xylose is limited due to the incomplete knowledge of cellular response mechanisms. Here we applied a combination of metabolic engineering, systems biology and adaptive laboratory evolution to gain insights into how yeast can perform a global rewiring of cellular processes to efficiently accompany metabolic transitions. Through metabolic engineering, we substantially enhanced the cell growth on xylose after the growth on glucose. Transcriptome analysis of the engineered strains demonstrated that multiple pathways were involved in the cellular reprogramming. Through genome resequencing of the evolved strains and reverse engineering, we further identified that SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling, osmotic response and aldehyde reductase were responsible for the improved growth. Combined, our analysis showed that glycerol-3-phosphate and xylitol serve as two key metabolites that affect cellular adaptation to growth on xylose. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
|
|
| 9. |
- Liu, Xuan, et al.
(författare)
-
Increased southerly and easterly water vapor transport contributed to the dry-to-wet transition of summer precipitation over the Three-River Headwaters in the Tibetan Plateau
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Advances in Climate Change Research. - 1674-9278 .- 2524-1761. ; 14:4, s. 502-510
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Three-River Headwaters (TRH) region in the Tibetan Plateau is vulnerable to climate change; changes in summer (June–August) precipitation have a significant impact on water security and sustainability in both local and downstream areas. However, the changes in summer precipitation of different intensities over the TRH region, along with their influencing factors, remain unclear. In this study, we used observational and ERA5 reanalysis data and employed a precipitation categorization and water vapor budget analysis to quantify the categorized precipitation variations and investigate their possible linkages with the water vapor budget. Our results showed an increasing trend in summer precipitation at a rate of 0.9 mm per year (p < 0.1) during 1979–2020, with a significant dry-to-wet transition in 2002. The category ‘very heavy precipitation’ (≥10 mm d−1) contributed 65.1% of the increased summer precipitation, which occurred frequently in the northern TRH region. The dry-to-wet transition was caused by the effects of varied atmospheric circulations in each subregion. Southwesterly water vapor transport through the southern boundary was responsible for the increased net water vapor flux in the western TRH region (158.2%), while southeasterly water vapor transport through the eastern boundary was responsible for the increased net water vapor flux in the central TRH (155.2%) and eastern TRH (229.2%) regions. Therefore, we inferred that the dry-to-wet transition of summer precipitation and the increased ‘very heavy precipitation’ over the TRH was caused by increased easterly and southerly water vapor transport.
|
|
| 10. |
- Lu, Hongzhong, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
Yeast metabolic innovations emerged via expanded metabolic network and gene positive selection
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Molecular Systems Biology. - : EMBO. - 1744-4292. ; 17:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Yeasts are known to have versatile metabolic traits, while how these metabolic traits have evolved has not been elucidated systematically. We performed integrative evolution analysis to investigate how genomic evolution determines trait generation by reconstructing genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) for 332 yeasts. These GEMs could comprehensively characterize trait diversity and predict enzyme functionality, thereby signifying that sequence-level evolution has shaped reaction networks towards new metabolic functions. Strikingly, using GEMs, we can mechanistically map different evolutionary events, e.g. horizontal gene transfer and gene duplication, onto relevant subpathways to explain metabolic plasticity. This demonstrates that gene family expansion and enzyme promiscuity are prominent mechanisms for metabolic trait gains, while GEM simulations reveal that additional factors, such as gene loss from distant pathways, contribute to trait losses. Furthermore, our analysis could pinpoint to specific genes and pathways that have been under positive selection and relevant for the formulation of complex metabolic traits, i.e. thermotolerance and the Crabtree effect. Our findings illustrate how multidimensional evolution in both metabolic network structure and individual enzymes drives phenotypic variations.
|
|
