| 1. |
- Wang, F., et al.
(author)
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A comprehensive review on high-temperature fuel cells with carbon capture
- 2020
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In: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 275
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High-temperature fuel cells and their hybrid systems represent one of the most promising technologies with high conversion efficiency. The configuration of such kind of system could facilitate an easy capture of CO2. Several novel CO2 capture strategies have been developed based on high-temperature fuel cells, such as solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) and direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC). However, related review which focus on their system integration and performance evaluation is still rare. The aim of this study is to improve interest in high-temperature fuel cell with CO2 capture by providing an overview of the status of such kind of cutting-edge technologies. To approach this goal, the major strategies and technologies for fuel cells and their hybrid system with CO2 capture have been reviewed. Simultaneously, the characteristics of fuel cell technologies are summarized and the technical and economic performance of the fuel cell with CO2 capture are explored and discussed as well. The existing challenges that required to be overcome in fuel cell with CO2 capture technology are highlighted with aspects on fuel cell module scale-up, cost, safety, reliability and capture energy, etc. Finally, opportunities for the future development of high-temperature fuel cell with CO2 capture technologies are discussed. The conclusion remarks of this investigation indicate that fuel cell integrating CO2 capture process is a promising route to sustainable future, and could even be more effective if fuel cell technology can be commercialized.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Huang, C., et al.
(author)
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Understanding the water-energy nexus in urban water supply systems with city features
- 2018
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In: CLEANER ENERGY FOR CLEANER CITIES. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 265-270
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The water-energy nexus has been introduced into urban water supply systems (WSSs) to improve the current plight of scarce resources and greenhouse effect in recent years. Urban water-energy integrated management is limited by the characteristics and reality of each city. In this paper, we characterize the comprehensive influence factors of energy use in China urban WSSs including geographic differences and city forms. The results indicate that the pressure of pipeline network and plain area ratio restricted by geomorphology would significantly impact the energy consumption during conveyance and distribution stage. For the city form aspect, the total volume of urban water supply and the leakage rate of pipeline networks play important roles in energy consumption of urban WSSs in China. In this study, the specific electricity consumption in WSSs was quantified, and several factors affected by city features which show strong correlation with energy use were determined. The results are of great significance to the energy saving in water supply systems in urban areas.
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| 4. |
- Xu, J., et al.
(author)
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Energy-water nexus analysis of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in China based on statistical methodologies
- 2018
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In: CLEANER ENERGY FOR CLEANER CITIES. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 259-264, s. 259-264
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered as energy-intensive facilities. Against the background of stricter policy requirements and discharge standard, thousands of municipal WWTPs are experiencing upgrading and reconstruction in China. However, the accompanying energy consumption cannot be ignored. Based on the statistical analysis of energy consumption and relevant factors from data of more than six thousand WWTPs over China, in this paper we analyzed the most influential factors related to energy consumption, which include treatment technology, wastewater amount, removed pollutants, social and economic characteristics, etc. Furthermore, we set up systematic method of energy performance assessment for WWTPs and explored the potential of energy saving in WWTPs. Results showed that processing capacity, organic pollutant concentration, discharge standard and economic factors have major effects on energy efficiency. Although sludge treatment and disposal normally consume intensive energy, it is possible to recover energy from biomass in the sludge. The results indicate that there is huge potential for energy saving and recovery in WWTPs, and we propose a conceptual roadmap for energy efficiency improving in WWTPs in China.
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| 5. |
- Ji, H., et al.
(author)
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Robust operation for minimizing power consumption of data centers with flexible substation integration
- 2022
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In: Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 248
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The rapid development of digital economy has led to a dramatic increasement of internet data centers (IDCs), which consume a large amount of electricity. The diverse data-processing demands, high power consumption and workload uncertainty put forward a high requirement for the economical and secure operation of IDCs. As information technology (IT) devices are driven by direct current (DC), flexible substation (FS) has been gradually utilized to provide DC power for IDCs. This paper proposes robust operation strategies for minimizing IDC power consumption with FS integration. First, the linearized IDC power consumption model based on the technology of dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is proposed to describe the operating state of IT devices. Then, considering the FS-based coordinated operation of IDC, photovoltaic (PV) station and energy storage system (ESS), the deterministic power consumption minimization model of IDCs is established. Considering the workload uncertainty, the operation strategies based on distributionally robust optimization (DRO) for IDCs are further proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of proposed method is validated on a modified practical network with IDCs integrated. Results show that through the dispatch of workload and power flow regulation of FS, the power consumption and dropping workload of IDCs are effectively reduced.
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| 6. |
- Chen, S., et al.
(author)
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Operational flexibility of active distribution networks with the potential from data centers
- 2021
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In: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 293
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With the development of information technology, the scale and quantity of internet data centers (IDCs) are expanding rapidly. IDCs have emerged as the major electricity consumers in active distribution networks (ADNs), which dramatically increase the electricity load and have a significant impact on the operational flexibility of ADNs. Geographically distributed IDCs can participate in the operation of ADNs with the potential for spatio-temporal load regulation. This paper proposes flexible dispatch strategies of data centers to improve the operational flexibility of ADNs. First, a data-power model of IT equipment is proposed based on piecewise linearization to describe the power consumption characteristics of data centers. The flexible dispatch strategies for the delay-tolerant workload are further proposed from two aspects of temporal transfer and spatial allocation. Then, considering the potential for spatio-temporal load regulation, the operational flexibility analysis model with data centers is formulated to adapt to the operational requirements of ADNs in complex environments. Case studies show that through the spatio-temporal regulation of workload, the energy efficiency of IDCs can be effectively improved. The flexible dispatch of IDCs can also reduce the voltage violation and feeder load imbalance of ADNs, which can facilitate providing the high-quality power supply for IDCs.
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| 7. |
- Jian, J., et al.
(author)
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Multi-stage supply restoration of active distribution networks with SOP integration
- 2022
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In: Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2352-4677. ; 29
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Supply restoration from outages is essential for improving the reliability of active distribution networks (ADNs) after fault isolation. Soft open point (SOP) can adjust the power flow among feeders and provide voltage support for power outage areas. Considering the sequential coordination of switching operation and SOP control mode selection, a multi-stage supply restoration method with SOPs is proposed for ADNs. First, the sequential energization is formulated, in which the impact of SOP control mode on restoration sequence is analyzed. By providing voltage support, the coordination of SOPs will rapidly energize the outage area and improve the voltage profile. Then, a multi-stage restoration model with SOPs is proposed, in which reconfiguration of switches and control mode selection of SOPs are coordinated in sequence to maximize the load recovery level of ADNs. Through the switching action-time mapping, secure operation is ensured during the entire supply restoration process. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated on a modified IEEE 33-node distribution system and practical distribution networks with four-terminal SOP. Results show that the proposed method can fully exploit the potential benefits of SOPs and effectively enhance the load recovery level of ADNs.
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| 8. |
- Li, P., et al.
(author)
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Quantized event-driven simulation for integrated energy systems with hybrid continuous-discrete dynamics
- 2022
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In: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 307
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Effective simulation methods are becoming critically essential for the analysis of integrated energy systems (IESs) to reveal the interactions of multiple energy carriers. The incorporation of various energy technologies and numerous controllers make the IES a heterogeneous system, which poses new challenges to simulation methods. This paper focuses on the simulation of an IES with hybrid continuous-discrete properties and heterogeneous characteristics. First, a modified third-order quantized state system (MQSS3) method is proposed for the simulation of district heating systems (DHSs), in which quantized state system (QSS) and time-discretized integration are integrated to efficiently manage numerous discrete control actions. Second, an event-driven framework is established to integrate MQSS3 into the simulation of the electricity-heat integrated energy system (EH-IES). This framework enables the adoption of the most suitable models and algorithms for different systems to accommodate the heterogeneous properties of an IES. Case studies of an EH-IES with maximum 80% PV penetration and 210 buildings demonstrate that the dynamic interactions between the DHS and the power distribution network are accurately illustrated by the proposed simulation methods, in which MQSS3 indicates the highest simulation efficiency. It is also demonstrated in the simulation results that the flexibility from DHS can be utilized as demand-side resource to support the operation of power distribution network in aspects such as consuming the surplus PV generations.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Zhang, Kai, et al.
(author)
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Power generation assessment of photovoltaic noise barriers across 52 major Chinese cities
- 2024
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In: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 361
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Photovoltaic noise barriers (PVNBs) have the potential to contribute to sustainable urban development by increasing the supply of renewable energy to cities while decreasing traffic noise pollution. However, estimating the power generation of PVNBs at the city or national scale remains a challenge due to the complexities of the urban environment and the difficulties associated with collecting data on road noise barriers (RNBs) and radiation. This study used RNBs, 2.5-dimensional (2.5D) buildings, and hourly time resolution radiation data, to estimate the power generation of PVNBs in 52 of China's major cities. First, hourly building shadows were estimated for each day of the year, covering the period from sunrise to sunset, to identify areas of RNB that are shaded at any given time. Second, hourly clear-sky radiation data were collected and corrected using a radiation correction model to simulate real weather radiation. Finally, utilizing an inclined surface radiation estimation model, the photovoltaic (PV) potential both inside and outside RNBs affected by building shadows was assessed. Subsequently, the power generation of PVNB was estimated based on parameters of mainstream PV systems in the market. The results show that the RNB mileage in 52 selected cities represents 87.7% of China's total RNB mileage. Building shadows often result in a radiation loss of approximately 30% for RNBs reception. The installed capacity and annual power generation of PVNBs in all investigated cities are 2.04 GW and 690.74 GWh, respectively. This study estimates the comprehensive PV potential of potentially exploitable PVNBs in China, offering essential scientific insights to inform and facilitate the strategic development of PVNB projects at both the national and municipal levels.
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