| 1. |
- Li, Qiang, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial Necromass, Lignin, and Glycoproteins for Determining and Optimizing Blue Carbon Formation
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 58, s. 468-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coastal wetlands contribute to the mitigation of climate change through the sequestration of “blue carbon”. Microbial necromass, lignin, and glycoproteins (i.e., glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP)), as important components of soil organic carbon (SOC), are sensitive to environmental change. However, their contributions to blue carbon formation and the underlying factors remain largely unresolved. To address this paucity of knowledge, we investigated their contributions to blue carbon formation along a salinity gradient in coastal marshes. Our results revealed decreasing contributions of microbial necromass and lignin to blue carbon as the salinity increased, while GRSP showed an opposite trend. Using random forest models, we showed that their contributions to SOC were dependent on microbial biomass and resource stoichiometry. In N-limited saline soils, contributions of microbial necromass to SOC decreased due to increased N-acquisition enzyme activity. Decreases in lignin contributions were linked to reduced mineral protection offered by short-range-ordered Fe (FeSRO). Partial least-squares path modeling (PLS-PM) further indicated that GRSP could increase microbial necromass and lignin formation by enhancing mineral protection. Our findings have implications for improving the accumulation of refractory and mineral-bound organic matter in coastal wetlands, considering the current scenario of heightened nutrient discharge and sea-level rise.
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| 2. |
- Shen, Qian, et al.
(författare)
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The Genome of Artemisia annua Provides Insight into the Evolution of Asteraceae Family and Artemisinin Biosynthesis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Molecular Plant. - : Cell Press. - 1674-2052 .- 1752-9867. ; 11:6, s. 776-788
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artemisia annua, commonly known as sweet wormwood or Qinghao, is a shrub native to China and has long been used for medicinal purposes. A. annua is now cultivated globally as the only natural source of a potent anti-malarial compound, artemisinin. Here, we report a high-quality draft assembly of the 1.74-gigabase genome of A. annua, which is highly heterozygous, rich in repetitive sequences, and contains 63 226 protein-coding genes, one of the largest numbers among the sequenced plant species. We found that, as one of a few sequenced genomes in the Asteraceae, the A. annua genome contains a large number of genes specific to this large angiosperm clade. Notably, the expansion and functional diversification of genes encoding enzymes involved in terpene biosynthesis are consistent with the evolution of the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway. We further revealed by transcriptome profiling that A. annua has evolved the sophisticated transcriptional regulatory networks underlying artemisinin biosynthesis. Based on comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic analyses we generated transgenic A. annua lines producing high levels of artemisinin, which are now ready for large-scale production and thereby will help meet the challenge of increasing global demand of artemisinin.
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| 3. |
- Lin, Ci, et al.
(författare)
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Direct Band Gap in Multilayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanoscrolls with Enhanced Photoluminescence
- 2022
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Ingår i: ACS Materials Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2639-4979. ; 4:8, s. 1547-1555
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A direct band gap that solely exists in monolayer semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) endows strong photoluminescence (PL) features, whereas multilayer TMD structures exhibit quenched PL due to the direct-to-indirect band gap transition. We demonstrate multi-layer TMD (such as MoS2 and WS2) nanoscrolls with a preserved direct band gap fabricated by an effective and facile method of solvent-driven self-assembly. The resultant multi-layer nanoscrolls, exhibiting up to 11 times higher PL intensity than the remanent monolayer, are carefully characterized using PL spectroscopy. Significantly enlarged interlayer distances and modulated interlayer coupling in the fabricated nanostructures are unveiled by cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The preservation of direct band gap features is further evidenced by density functional theory calculations using the simplified bilayer model with an experimentally obtained 15 & ANGS; interlayer distance. The modulation of the PL intensity as an indicator of the band gap crossover in the TMD nanoscrolls is demonstrated by removing the acetone molecules trapped inside the interlayer space. The general applicability of the method presents an opportunity for large-scale fabrication of a plethora of multilayer TMD nanoscrolls with direct band gaps.
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| 4. |
- Lumley, Mark A., et al.
(författare)
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The Relationship of Chronic and Momentary Work Stress to Cardiac Reactivity in Female Managers : Feasibility of a Smart Phone-Assisted Assessment System
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychosomatic Medicine. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0033-3174 .- 1534-7796. ; 76:7, s. 512-518
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To evaluate a wireless smart phone-assisted (SPA) system that assesses ongoing heart rate (HR) and HR-triggered participant reports of momentary stress when HR is elevated during daily life. This SPA system was used to determine the independent and interactive roles of chronic and momentary work stress on HR reactivity among female managers. Methods: A sample of 40 female managers reported their chronic work stress and wore the SPA system during a regular workday. They provided multiple reports of their momentary stress, both when triggered by increased HR and at random times. Relationships among chronic stress, momentary stress, and HR were analyzed with hierarchical linear modeling. Results: Both chronic work stress (b = 0.08, standard error [SE] = 0.03, p = .003) and momentary work stress (b = 1.25, SE = 0.62, p = .052) independently predicted greater HR reactivity, adjusting for baseline HR, age, smoking, caffeine, alcohol use, and momentary physical activity levels. More importantly, chronic and momentary stress significantly interacted (b = 1.00, SE = 0.04, p = .036); high momentary stress predicted elevated HR only in the context of high chronic stress. Conclusions: Female managers who experience chronic work stress displayed elevated cardiac reactivity during momentary stress at work. The joint assessment of chronic stress and momentary stress and their relationship to physiological functioning during work clarifies the potential health risks associated with work stress. Moreover, this wireless SPA system captures the immediate subjective context of individuals when physiological arousal occurs, which may lead to tailored stress management programs in the workplace.
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