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Sökning: WFRF:(Watson James R.) > Lantbruksvetenskap

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  • Cheung, William W. L., et al. (författare)
  • Building confidence in projections of the responses of living marine resources to climate change
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: ICES Journal of Marine Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1054-3139 .- 1095-9289. ; 73:5, s. 1283-1296
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change highlights that climate change and ocean acidification are challenging the sustainable management of living marine resources (LMRs). Formal and systematic treatment of uncertainty in existing LMR projections, however, is lacking. We synthesize knowledge of how to address different sources of uncertainty by drawing from climate model intercomparison efforts. We suggest an ensemble of available models and projections, informed by observations, as a starting point to quantify uncertainties. Such an ensemble must be paired with analysis of the dominant uncertainties over different spatial scales, time horizons, and metrics. We use two examples: (i) global and regional projections of Sea Surface Temperature and (ii) projection of changes in potential catch of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) in the 21st century, to illustrate this ensemble model approach to explore different types of uncertainties. Further effort should prioritize understanding dominant, undersampled dimensions of uncertainty, as well as the strategic collection of observations to quantify, and ultimately reduce, uncertainties. Our proposed framework will improve our understanding of future changes in LMR and the resulting risk of impacts to ecosystems and the societies under changing ocean conditions.
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3.
  • Laughlin, Ronald J, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of acetate on soil respiration, N2O emissions and gross N transformations related to fungi and bacteria in a grassland soil
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Applied Soil Ecology. ; 42, s. 25-30
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Application of organic carbon to grassland in the form of manure or cattle slurry during the growing season is a normal agricultural practice. Under enhanced organic C supply changes in the grassland soil’s internal N cycling and in the microbial community are expected, in particular, the fungi–bacteria ratio. Here we present novel results from a 15N tracing study which aimed to investigate the role of fungi and bacteria in N transformations under enhanced organic C supply. We applied 15N labelled fertiliser to soil in a laboratory incubation with and without acetate addition. Moreover, we used specific microbial inhibitors to selectively inhibit either fungi or bacteria. The data from the incubation were used to calculate gross N transformation rates via 15N tracing models based on Monte Carlo sampling techniques. Our results show that fungi are the predominant organisms that carry out N transformations in a temperate grassland soil. Under enhanced organic C supply, the stimulation of the mineralization – immobilization – turnover and heterotrophic nitrification was predominantly related to fungal activity, indicating that fungi may play an increasingly important role in soils with an enhanced C supply. In addition, we showed that fungi were the dominant organisms for N2O production. Increased fungal activity under enhanced organic C supply may therefore increase N2O emissions from soil and have environmental consequences.
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