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| 2. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 3. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Sixth Visual Object Tracking VOT2018 Challenge Results
- 2019
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Ingår i: Computer Vision – ECCV 2018 Workshops. - Cham : Springer Publishing Company. - 9783030110086 - 9783030110093 ; , s. 3-53
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2018 is the sixth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of over eighty trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis and a “real-time” experiment simulating a situation where a tracker processes images as if provided by a continuously running sensor. A long-term tracking subchallenge has been introduced to the set of standard VOT sub-challenges. The new subchallenge focuses on long-term tracking properties, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. A new dataset has been compiled and a performance evaluation methodology that focuses on long-term tracking capabilities has been adopted. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term and the new long-term tracking subchallenges. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website (http://votchallenge.net).
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Wang, Nana, et al.
(författare)
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Perovskite light-emitting diodes based on solution-processed self-organized multiple quantum wells
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Photonics. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1749-4885 .- 1749-4893. ; 10:11, s. 699-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organometal halide perovskites can be processed from solutions at low temperatures to form crystalline direct-bandgap semiconductors with promising optoelectronic properties(1-5). However, the efficiency of their electroluminescence is limited by non-radiative recombination, which is associated with defects and leakage current due to incomplete surface coverage(6-9). Here we demonstrate a solution-processed perovskite light-emitting diode (LED) based on self-organized multiple quantum wells (MQWs) with excellent film morphologies. The MQW-based LED exhibits a very high external quantum efficiency of up to 11.7%, good stability and exceptional highpower performance with an energy conversion efficiency of 5.5% at a current density of 100 mA cm(-2). This outstanding performance arises because the lower bandgap regions that generate electroluminescence are effectively confined by perovskite MQWs with higher energy gaps, resulting in very efficient radiative decay. Surprisingly, there is no evidence that the large interfacial areas between different bandgap regions cause luminescence quenching.
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| 6. |
- Yang, Rong, et al.
(författare)
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Oriented Quasi-2D Perovskites for High Performance Optoelectronic Devices
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 30:51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quasi-2D layered organometal halide perovskites have recently emerged as promising candidates for solar cells, because of their intrinsic stability compared to 3D analogs. However, relatively low power conversion efficiency (PCE) limits the application of 2D layered perovskites in photovoltaics, due to large energy band gap, high exciton binding energy, and poor interlayer charge transport. Here, efficient and water-stable quasi-2D perovskite solar cells with a peak PCE of 18.20% by using 3-bromobenzylammonium iodide are demonstrated. The unencapsulated devices sustain over 82% of their initial efficiency after 2400 h under relative humidity of approximate to 40%, and show almost unchanged photovoltaic parameters after immersion into water for 60 s. The robust performance of perovskite solar cells results from the quasi-2D perovskite films with hydrophobic nature and a high degree of electronic order and high crystallinity, which consists of both ordered large-bandgap perovskites with the vertical growth in the bottom region and oriented small-bandgap components in the top region. Moreover, due to the suppressed nonradiative recombination, the unencapsulated photovoltaic devices can work well as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), exhibiting an external quantum efficiency of 3.85% and a long operational lifetime of approximate to 96 h at a high current density of 200 mA cm(-2) in air.
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| 7. |
- Bao, Xing, et al.
(författare)
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Remanufacturing lead time planning of the medical device with multi-refurbishing steps
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier Science Ltd. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 379
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research is motivated by the challenges a ventilator remanufacturer encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic: (i) three refurbishing steps, namely, disassembling, sterilising, and reconditioning, which reduce the yield rates of reused components and thus complicating the remanufacturing process, are required to satisfy the compulsory hygienic regulations; and (ii) the lead time to procuring new components become rather variable because of the paralysed global logistics, thereby prolonging the remanufacturing time. To minimise the total remanufacturing costs, mathematical models are built to derive the optimal remanufacturing lead time analyt-ically for one-and two-component cases and numerical studies are conducted to investigate the behaviour of the remanufacturing process. Four managerial insights are provided to improve the remanufacturing performance: (i) The minimum relative entropy method could approximate the optimal remanufacturing lead time with higher precision because the remanufacturing time might be multi-modal distributed. (ii) Increasing the yield rates at all refurbishing steps could shorten the remanufacturing lead time but does not lower the total cost necessarily. (iii) Investment in reducing the refurbishing lead times might not be economically efficient, whereas shortening the procurement lead time could lower the cost dramatically. (iv) Stock-based strategy for the components with low holding cost could help simplify the remanufacturing process and save the multi-skilled labour cost.
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| 8. |
- Chen, Guo, et al.
(författare)
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Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals that the APP-CD74 axis promotes immunosuppression and progression of testicular tumors
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Pathology. - : WILEY. - 0022-3417 .- 1096-9896.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Testicular tumors represent the most common malignancy among young men. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis and molecular underpinning of testicular tumors remain largely elusive. We aimed to delineate the intricate intra-tumoral heterogeneity and the network of intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment. A total of 40,760 single-cell transcriptomes were analyzed, encompassing samples from six individuals with seminomas, two patients with mixed germ cell tumors, one patient with a Leydig cell tumor, and three healthy donors. Five distinct malignant subclusters were identified in the constructed landscape. Among them, malignant 1 and 3 subclusters were associated with a more immunosuppressive state and displayed worse disease-free survival. Further analysis identified that APP-CD74 interactions were significantly strengthened between malignant 1 and 3 subclusters and 14 types of immune subpopulations. In addition, we established an aberrant spermatogenesis trajectory and delineated the global gene alterations of somatic cells in seminoma testes. Sertoli cells were identified as the somatic cell type that differed the most from healthy donors to seminoma testes. Cellular communication between spermatogonial stem cells and Sertoli cells is disturbed in seminoma testes. Our study delineates the intra-tumoral heterogeneity and the tumor immune microenvironment in testicular tumors, offering novel insights for targeted therapy.
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| 9. |
- Chen, Hongting, et al.
(författare)
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High-Efficiency Formamidinium Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanocrystal-Based Light-Emitting Diodes Fabricated via a Surface Defect Self-Passivation Strategy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Advanced Optical Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 2162-7568 .- 2195-1071. ; 8:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr(3)) nanocrystals (NCs) demonstrate great potential in light-emitting diode (LED) applications due to their pure green emission and excellent stability. However, the abundant defects at the surface of the NCs act as charge trapping centers and significantly increase the trap-assisted nonradiative recombination channels, hampering the performance improvement of LEDs based on FAPbBr(3) NCs. Herein, a facile self-passivation strategy of the surface defects is developed by introducing excess formamidinium bromide (FABr) during the colloidal synthesis of NCs, leading to much improved photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of the obtained NCs. In addition, enhanced charge transport property is measured in the assembled films owing to the simultaneously declined insulating ligands at the surface of NCs. The molar ratio of FABr and PbBr2 is rationally optimized during the synthesis of NCs and high-efficient green-emissive LEDs are fabricated with a champion current efficiency of 76.8 cd A(-1), corresponding to an external quantum efficiency of 17.1%, which is among the best-performing green LEDs based on perovskite NCs so far.
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| 10. |
- Chih-Wei, Chih-Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Direct epitaxial nanometer-thin InN of high structural quality on 4H-SiC by atomic layer deposition
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 117:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indium nitride (InN) is a highly promising material for high frequency electronics given its low bandgap and high electron mobility. The development of InN-based devices is hampered by the limitations in depositing very thin InN films of high quality. We demonstrate growth of high-structural-quality nanometer thin InN films on 4H-SiC by atomic layer deposition (ALD). High resolution x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy show epitaxial growth and an atomically sharp interface between InN and 4H-SiC. The InN film is fully relaxed already after a few atomic layers and shows a very smooth morphology where the low surface roughness (0.14nm) is found to reproduce sub-nanometer surface features of the substrate. Raman measurements show an asymmetric broadening caused by grains in the InN film. Our results show the potential of ALD to prepare high-quality nanometer-thin InN films for subsequent formation of heterojunctions.
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