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- Bergman, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Analys av klorparaffiner i bröstmjölk och serum
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Klorparaffiner (CP) utgör en stor grupp av polyklorerade alkaner av olika kolkedjelängder och olika kloreringsgrad; kortkedjiga (C10 – C13, SCCP), medellånga (C14 – C17, MCCP) och långa (≥C18, LCCP). CP produceras i mycket stora volymer för användning som additiv (bl.a. som mjukgörare och flamskyddsmedel) i produkter, material och varor. De är globala miljöföroreningar som förekommer i abiotisk miljö, djur och människor. Hypotesen för den studie som nu genomförts är att CP uppvisar olika ackumulationsgrad i blod (serum eller plasma) jämfört med bröstmjölk. Därför har parade prover från 25 kvinnor som donerat blod och bröstmjölk analyserats med avseenden på CP i dessa båda matriser och halterna har jämförts med halter av en PCB-markör, CB-153, samt med 4,4’-DDE. Analyserna visar signifikanta haltskillnader, på fettviktsbasis, av SCCP och MCCP i serum på 22 respektive 6.2 gånger högre koncentrationer än de som uppmätts i bröstmjölken. Data visade även förhöjda halter av såväl vSCCPs (mycket korta CP) som LCCPs i serum jämfört med bröstmjölk men skillnaden i dessa båda fall är inte signifikant säkerställd. Medianhalterna av SCCP, MCCP och LCCP i serum respektive bröstmjölk är: 790, 520 och 16 ng/g fett respektive 36, 63 och 6,0 ng/g fett. 4,4’-DDE och CB-153 är jämförbara i de båda matriserna och ligger på 17 respektive 12 ng/g fett. SCCP är klassificerad som en POP i Stockholmskonventionen men inte MCCP trots höga halter i serum. CP är, oavsett kolkedjelängd, persistenta.
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| 3. |
- Domellöf, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Processed infant cereals as vehicles of functional components.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program.. ; 60, s. 107-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cereals are the most common complementary foods all over the world and there is now a novel possibility to add functional components to target health problems that are not caused by a simple nutritional deficiency. So far there have been very few published trials on the addition of functional components to infant cereals. A single trial has suggested that infant cereals containing a combination of probiotics, prebiotics and zinc are an effective adjunct to oral rehydration solution in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis. Up to now there has been no evidence that infant cereals supplemented with probiotics or prebiotics have a preventive effect on diarrhea but a recent study has suggested that a milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) protein fraction added to an infant cereal reduces the risk of diarrhea in a developing country. There are some promising results suggesting that infant cereals supplemented with probiotics or prebiotics may prevent atopic eczema. The addition of prebiotic oligosaccharides to infant cereals may lead to softer stools, likely to benefit those infants who are suffering from constipation. More studies are needed to verify these results and to assess the effects of other functional components - especially probiotics, prebiotics, nucleotides, novel protein fractions and recombinant human milk proteins - added to infant cereals.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Maria A., 1981-
(författare)
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Infant gut microbiota, immune responses and allergic disease during childhood
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The early-life microbiota is important for postnatal immune maturation and implied in immune mediated diseases. The aim of this work was to study specific species of bacteria in the gut microbiota and relate them to immune function and allergic disease during childhood.In paper I we investigated gut bacteria in feces from infants included in a prospective allergy cohort. We found that children with non-allergic parents were more likely to be colonized with a group of lactobacilli. Further, lactobacilli colonization was more prevalent in children remaining non-allergic, regardless of allergic heredity. In paper II we related the infant gut bacteria to immune function at two years of age. Infant Staphylococcus (S.) aureus colonization associated with increased immune responsiveness, whereas co-colonization with S. aureus and lactobacilli associated with reduced responses. In paper III we investigated T regulatory (Treg) cell phenotype and cytokine production during childhood, and related S. aureus and lactobacilli colonization to Treg phenotype at the age of two. The Treg population matured with age, regarding phenotype and cytokine production. Furthermore, infant S. aureus colonization associated with Treg phenotype at the age of two. In paper IV we investigated the in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cells responses to soluble factors produced by lactobacilli and S. aureus. Both T- and natural killer cells responded with cytokine production, degranulation and proliferation after S. aureus and simultaneous culture with lactobacilli could dampen the S. aureus-induced responses.Taken together this thesis shows that the gut microbiota is altered in children who develop allergies, and that early life bacteria associate with immune function. Our in vitro findings support that lactobacilli modulate immune maturation and responses, and that early lactobacilli-colonization may be important for a properly regulated maturation of the immune system.
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| 8. |
- Karlsson Videhult, Frida, 1980-
(författare)
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Effects of early probiotic supplementation in a pediatric setting : Focus on body composition, metabolism and inflammation
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We aimed to determine the short- and long-term effects on growth, body composition, metabolic and inflammatory markers following supplementation with the probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei F19 (LF19) during weaning. Methods: One-hundred and seventy-nine healthy, infants in Umeå city, Västerbotten County were randomised to daily intake of cereals with (n=89) or without (n=90) LF19 108 colony-forming units from 4 to 13 months of age. Weight, length, head circumference and body composition, assessed by skinfold thickness, were examined at 4, 5.5, 6.5, 9, 12 and 13 months of age. Venous blood was drawn at 5.5 and 13 months. In all, 171 infants completed the intervention and were invited to a follow-up at 8-9 years of age between 2009 and 2011, 120 children participated. Weight, height, sagittal abdominal diameter and body composition (using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry-scan) were measured. Data on weight and height at 4 years were collected from medical records. The families filled out a 4-day food record and a food frequency questionnaire, physical activity was assessed using a pedometer for 7 days. At 5.5, 13 months and 8-9 years of age we analysed the serum blood lipid profile. At 8-9 years fasting glucose, insulin, aspartate and alanine transaminases were analysed in serum. Homeostatic Model Assessment index was calculated. At follow-up serum adiponectin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and plasma C-peptide, ghrelin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon, insulin, leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, resistin and visfatin were analysed. For characterisation of the plasma metabolome, a subgroup (n=40) was analysed at 5.5 and 13 months of age by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) analysis and in all (n=112) children at the follow-up using untargeted GC-GC/MS. Results: There were no differences between the LF19 and placebo group regarding body weight, length/height at any assessment from 4 months to 8-9 years of age; nor were there any differences between the groups in body composition. In the LF19 group 19 % were overweight/obese, the corresponding number was 21 % in the placebo group (p=0.78). Analysed metabolic and inflammatory markers, both during the intervention and the follow-up did not differ between the two groups. At 13 months of age lower levels of palmitic acid and palmitoleic acid (both p<0.04) and higher levels of putrescine (p<0.01) were seen in the LF19 compared to the placebo group. These differences did not persist at 8-9 years of age. At that age, we found statistically stronger models when comparing overweight/obese and normal weight children as well as in relation to sex. Conclusion: Early intervention with the probiotic LF19 at the time of weaning exerted transient effects on the metabolome. In a long-term perspective, we found neither benefit nor harm on growth, body composition, metabolic or inflammatory markers following supplementation with LF19 during weaning.
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| 9. |
- Karlsson Videhult, Frida, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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The plasma metabolome is influenced by body weight and sex already at school age
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Diet is one of the determinants of gut microbial composition. Reported changes in the biodiversity of the gut microbiota in the obese have spurred interest in gut microbiota modulation by dietary interventions. Using an untargeted metabolomics approach, we previously reported that infant cereals with the probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei F19 (LF19) fed daily from 4 to 13 months of age affected the plasma metabolome with lower levels of fatty acids associated with obesity indices compared with placebo. The study participants were invited to a follow-up study at 8-9 years of age and 120 children participated. Venous blood was drawn after overnight fasting and plasma samples were available from 112 children. Samples were analysed using GCxGC-time-of-flight/MS for characterisation of the global plasma metabolome. A combination of multivariate and univariate analysis was used to reveal differences between the LF19 and placebo group, and according to weight class and sex. The lower levels of palmitic acid and palmitoleic acid in the LF19 group during the intervention did not remain at the follow-up. Stronger models according to weight class and sex were obtained. BMI was associated with several metabolites including the branched-chain amino acids leucine and isoleucine, and the aromatic amino acids, tyrosine and phenylalanine. Collectively, feeding LF19 during weaning induced transient effects on the plasma metabolome. The disparities seen in the metabolic profile of overweight/obese young school children underscore the need for effective early preventive and treatment strategies.
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