| 1. |
- Axelsson Linkowski, Weronika, et al.
(författare)
-
Shifting Strategies between Generations in Sami Reindeer Husbandry : the Challenges of Maintaining Traditions while Adapting to a Changing Context
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Human Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0300-7839 .- 1572-9915. ; 48, s. 481-490
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many traditional pastoralist systems are greatly impacted by cumulative encroachments of other land users and by climate change. Understanding land degradation and the adaptive capacity of people who are dependent on the rangelands is an urgent priority for many areas in the world. In this research we explore how changing environmental conditions affect herding strategies on winter pastures and the role of indigenous and local traditional knowledge (ILK) in Sami reindeer husbandry. Our results indicate that traditional Sami reindeer herding strategies are still practiced, but that rapidly changing environmental circumstances are forcing herders into uncharted territories where these traditional strategies and the transmission of knowledge between generations may be of limited use. For example, rotational grazing is no longer possible as all pastures are being used, and changes in climate result in unpredictable weather patterns unknown to earlier generations.
|
|
| 2. |
- Dahlström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Remnant habitats for grassland species in an abandoned Swedish agricultural landscape
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Applied Vegetation Science. - 1402-2001 .- 1654-109X. ; 13:3, s. 305-314
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Questions: Which factors influence the persistence of vascular grassland plants in long-abandoned (at least 50 yr) arable fields and meadows? What might be the implications of current levels of species richness on abandoned arable fields and meadows for future restoration? Location: Forested highlands of Kilsbergen, south central Sweden. Methods: The abundance of all vascular plant species was investigated in three habitat types: former arable fields, hay meadows and outlands (pastures) at 27 farms, abandoned for either approximately 50 yr or 90 yr. Time since abandonment, tree cover, soil depth, degree of soil podsol development, size of the infield area and two measures of connectivity were used as predictors for species richness and species composition. Results: Former outland had denser tree cover, fewer species and fewer grassland species than former arable fields and hay meadows, irrespective of time since abandonment. Former hay meadows and arable fields with a longer time since abandonment were less rich in species, more wooded and had greater podsolization than meadows and fields abandoned at a later stage. Species richness was higher in hay meadows and arable fields at farms with larger infield area and deeper soils compared with farms with smaller infield area and shallower soils. The greatest richness of species and most open habitat were former arable fields at larger farms abandoned 50 yr before the study. Former arable fields had the highest number of grassland species. Conclusion: After 50 yr of abandonment, former arable fields were the most important remnant habitats for grassland species and may be a more promising target for restoration than formerly managed grasslands.
|
|
| 3. |
- Kardell, Örjan, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
-
Wolves in the early nineteenth-century county of Jönköping, Sweden
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Environment and History. - Isle of Harris : White Horse Press. - 0967-3407 .- 1752-7023. ; 19:3, s. 339-370
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden there has been a vigorous debate concerning management of the wolf (Canis lupus) ever since 1983, when the species was naturally re-established in the country by long-distance dispersal. The contradictory interests are due to a commitment by Naturvårdsverket, the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, to protect the wolf, while at the same time wolves arouse fear and hatred among many members of the public because they attack hunting dogs and kill game and livestock. The wolf is expected to increase in numbers and spread over most of Sweden. We argue that modern wolf management would benefit from a historical perspective and our study draws on data from a time when wolves, livestock and people depending on their herds were far more numerous than today. We also discuss aspects of available wolf food supply and territorial size in the early nineteenth century county of Jönköping, Sweden. This is possible by combining hitherto undetected source material on wolves, with a high geographical resolution, with the insights of modern wildlife research. Our main conclusions are that historic wolf territories were in all probability larger than current territories. This was due to a scarcity of large prey, especially during the winter months when livestock were stabled. Past herding practices seem, to a very large extent, to have kept predation on livestock at nearly negligible levels compared to total livestock numbers. This is a significant finding that should be of interest to those concerned with present day wolf management. We also discuss the potential for the future re-establishment of wolves in the studied area.
|
|
| 4. |
- Axelsson Linkowski, Weronika, et al.
(författare)
-
Wolf and Bear Depredation on Livestock in Northern Sweden 1827-2014 : Combining History, Ecology and Interviews
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Land. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-445X. ; 6:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the twenty-first century, large carnivores have increased in human dominated landscapes after being extinct or nearly extinct. This has resulted in increasing numbers of livestock killed by large carnivores. The intent of this paper is to give a land use-historical perspective on the recent livestock-carnivore conflict in boreal Sweden. More specifically we address: (1) depredation risks (livestock killed by carnivores) and (2) local knowledge of how to protect livestock from predation and whether it survived among pastoralists until the present. This study provides numeric information on carnivores, livestock and depredation, combined with oral information from summer farmers about livestock protection. We compare recent (since 1998) and historical (late nineteenth century) depredation rates in two Swedish counties. In Dalarna recent depredation rates are higher than historical rates while the opposite pattern is seen in Jamtland. Recent depredation rates in Dalarna are twice the recent rates in Jamtland, in contrast to the historical situation. Recent and historical depredation rates are of the same order. Summer farmers traditionally graze their livestock in forested areas where carnivores reside. Interviews show that traditional knowledge of how to protect livestock from carnivores was lost during the twentieth century, but recently new knowledge has developed leading to changes in summer farming practices. The carnivore-livestock situation today differs from the historical situation, not so much in levels of depredation, but mainly regarding the possibilities of farmers to face challenges associated with increasing carnivore populations.
|
|
| 5. |
- Crumley, Carole L., et al.
(författare)
-
Is There a Future for the Past?
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Issues and Concepts in Historical Ecology. - : Cambridge University Press. - 9781108420983 - 9781108355780 ; , s. 1-9
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 6. |
- Ebenhard, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
-
Lågskogsbruk – biobränsleproduktion i samklang med miljömål
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lågskogsbruk går ut på att återkommande hugga lövträd som slår skott från en gemensam stubb-bas eller sockel. Lågskogens två huvudtyper, skottskogar och hamlingsskogar, kan ses som halvnaturliga biotoper med lång historia och egna utvecklade organismsamhällen, däribland många naturvårdsintressanta arter, som ursprungligen levde i naturliga biotoper som inte längre existerar. Lågskogen erbjuder gamla strukturer och substrat utan att miljön blir kontinuerligt skuggig som i högskog. Det är både möjligt och önskvärt att bedriva ett modernt lågskogsbruk för biomassaproduktion, i synnerhet på marker som idag inte används för skogsbruk eller jordbruksproduktion. Vi bedömer att det finns totalt ca en halv miljon hektar av skyddade områden, restmarker i jordbrukslandskapet, ängs- och hagmarker, väg- och järnvägsområden, kraftledningsgator, samt tätortsnära parker och friluftsområden där lågskogsbruk skulle vara lämpligt. Med en produktion av 2-5 ton biomassa per hektar och år skulle detta kunna ge 10-24 MWh energi per hektar och år, sammanlagt för landet 5-12 TWh per år. Jämfört med de bästa biomassagrödorna (Salix, Miscanthus) har lågskogen inte samma potential som bränsleproducent, men den står sig väl mot raps. Lågskogen är dock mer effektiv än vanliga biomassagrödor med avseende på utsläpp av växthusgaser per producerad energienhet, snabbheten i återinlagring av kol, och gynnandet av biologisk mångfald.
|
|
| 7. |
- Eriksson, Ove, et al.
(författare)
-
Historic hay cutting dates from Sweden 1873-1951 and their implications for conservation management of species-rich meadows
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 184, s. 100-107
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Semi-natural hay meadows are species rich habitats, formed by a long history of management and they have experienced a drastic decline all over Europe. There is a vast literature on conservation and species diversity of semi-natural hay-meadows, but very limited information on historic timing of hay cutting. We analyzed data collected between 1873 and 1951 on hay cutting dates and phenology of six plant species from farms distributed across Sweden. The data set comprised 16,015 observations from 175 sites. Results show that date of start and end of hay cutting varied across Sweden. The start of hay cutting was generally delayed by 2.2 days per latitudinal degree and 1.5 days per 100 m altitude, while the end of hay cutting was generally delayed by 2.9 days per latitudinal degree and 2.5 days per 100 m altitude. The average hay cutting period was 18.5 +/- 6.6 days, and became slightly shorter northwards. Site-specific factors had a great impact on when hay cutting was performed, as indicated by a significant correlation between flowering (and leafing) phenology in other species and start date of hay cutting. Today, management for conservation is usually related to a calendar date (e.g. regulated in eligibility criteria and requirements for payment in agri-environment programs in EU). In order to mimic historic management that formed this habitat, management should instead account for latitude and altitude, between-year variation in timing of hay cutting, variation in both start and end dates of hay cutting and if possible local phenological conditions.
|
|
| 8. |
- Gerhardt, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Kunskapssammanställning
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Övergångszoner mellan skogsoch jordbruksmark : ett samverkansprojekt inom miljömålsrådet 2017. ; :2018:14, s. 55-85
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
