| 1. |
- Westin, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Management of influenza : updated Swedish guidelines for antiviral treatment
- 2023
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Ingår i: Infectious Diseases. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 2374-4235 .- 2374-4243. ; 55:10, s. 725-737
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Influenza causes seasonal epidemics of respiratory infection in all parts of the world. Manifestations of influenza range from mild upper to severe lower respiratory tract infection. Medical risk groups are defined by factors predisposing for development of severe disease and are recommended annual vaccination as a protective measure. The previous Swedish treatment guidelines for influenza were issued in 2011, and a review of current evidence was deemed relevant. An important reason to revisit the guidelines is the recent approval of a novel drug for influenza treatment, baloxavir. Updated Swedish evidence-based guidelines created by a group of experts from various research areas, for the management of influenza are presented here. The work has been made in collaboration with the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for AntiViral therapy (RAV). The updated guidelines include guidelines for diagnostics, treatment and prophylaxis in special groups, including management of pregnant women and children with influenza. A new section about infection control has been added. Pharmacological treatment is covered in detail with regards to indication and dosage. Additionally, drug resistance and environmental aspects are discussed.
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| 2. |
- Hansen, Karin B., et al.
(författare)
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Flocked nasal swab versus nasopharyngeal aspirate in adult emergency room patients: similar multiplex PCR respiratory pathogen results and patient discomfort
- 2016
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Ingår i: Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2374-4235 .- 2374-4243. ; 48:3, s. 246-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fifty adult emergency room patients with symptoms of respiratory tract infections or acute onset of extreme fatigue were sampled by both nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) and flocked nasal swab (fNS). Respiratory agents were detected by a qualitative influenza PCR and an 18-valent multiplex PCR in 20 of 29 patients with a clinical diagnosis of respiratory tract infection, and in 3 of 21 without such a diagnosis. PCR detected influenza A and B in NPA samples from 11 patients and in fNS samples from 10 patients. Little or no discomfort was perceived by 60% of the patients when sampled by NPA and by 66% when sampled by fNS. We conclude that NPA and fNS were equally sensitive for detection of respiratory agents by multiplex PCR, and the two sampling methods did not differ significantly regarding discomfort perceived by patients (p=0.171, Wilcoxon signed rank test). Hence less invasive sampling by fNS might be preferable in certain settings and situations.
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| 3. |
- Nilsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Frequent detection of respiratory agents by multiplex PCR on oropharyngeal samples in Swedish school-attending adolescents
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 44, s. 393-397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Respiratory agents may be detected in the oropharynx of healthy individuals. The extent of this condition and the reasons behind it are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with the presence of respiratory agents in the oropharynx of adolescents healthy enough to attend school activities. Methods: On a single day in December, samples from the posterior wall of the oropharynx of adolescents aged 1015 y were obtained using cotton-tipped swabs. The samples were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of 13 respiratory viruses and 2 bacteria (Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae). Results: Out of the 232 adolescents sampled, 67 (29%) had any respiratory symptom. A positive PCR result was found in 50 individuals (22%). Human rhinovirus was the most commonly found agent. Respiratory agents were significantly more frequent in the younger age group (1013 y) than in the older age group (1415 y): 26% (38/148) vs 14% (12/84), respectively; p = 0.04. Cough was the only symptom that was more common among individuals with a positive PCR test than among those with a negative PCR test: 8/50 (16%) vs 11/182 (6%); p = 0.02. Family size and class size were not associated with the likelihood of a positive PCR test. Conclusions: The presence of respiratory agents in the oropharynx is a frequent finding among adolescents healthy enough to attend school activities. The high prevalence was found to be associated with young age, but not with the size of the family or class. © 2012 Informa Healthcare.
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