| 1. |
- Strand, Magnus, et al.
(author)
-
Estrogen Receptor Alpha Gene Polymorphisms and First-Ever Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
- 2007
-
In: Cerebrovascular Diseases. - : S. Karger AG. - 1015-9770 .- 1421-9786. ; 24:6, s. 500-508
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Signaling through estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) regulates vasodilatation and atherogenesis. Since hypertension and atherosclerosis are major mechanisms in stroke development, we hypothesized that genetic variants of the ER alpha gene (ESR1) are determinants of future ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS: In a population-based prospective nested case-control study, the relationships between ESR1 polymorphisms (c.454-397T>C and c.454-351A>G) and ischemic stroke and ICH were examined in univariate and multivariate models using conditional logistic regression, which included established risk factors.Definitive first-ever stroke events (n = 388), including ischemic stroke (n = 320), ICH (n = 61), and unspecified stroke (n = 7) cases, and controls without cardiovascular disease (n = 773), matched for age, sex, and geographical region were included. RESULTS: Carriers of the c.454-397T/T genotype had a significantly (p = 0.017) increased risk of ICH (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.16-4.60) in a univariate analysis. This association persisted (OR 3.94, 95% CI 1.54-10.03), after adjustment for stroke risk determinants. Carriers of c.454-397T/T or c.454-397T/C genotypes had significantly (p = 0.002 and p = 0.004, respectively) higher mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), than carriers of c.454-397C/C, and a similar relationship was observed for diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The combinations of c.454-397T/T genotype and hypertension (OR 21.46, 95% CI 5.20-88.51), or high SBP (OR 18.17, 95% CI 4.91-67.31) or DBP (OR 11.94, 95% CI 3.75-38.03), were strongly associated with increased risk of ICH. CONCLUSIONS: In this population,the c.454-397T/T genotype associates with first-ever ICH, particularly in combination with hypertension. This implies that alterations in ER alpha-mediated signaling may be involved in the pathophysiology of this disease, with a putative impact on primary prevention.
|
|
| 2. |
- Strand, Magnus, et al.
(author)
-
Polymorphisms at the osteoprotegerin and interleukin-6 genes in relation to first-ever stroke.
- 2007
-
In: Cerebrovascular Diseases. - : S. Karger AG. - 1015-9770 .- 1421-9786. ; 24:5, s. 418-425
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Arterial calcification and osteoporosis often coexist, especially in postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis associates with a substantially increased risk of stroke in elderly women, suggesting that impaired estrogen signaling may link stroke and osteoporosis. Osteoprotegerin (OPG, TNFRSF11B) and interleukin-6 (IL-6, IL6) are putative target genes for estrogen signaling and have been implicated in both cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. We hypothesized that specific polymorphisms in these genes may be associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS: We performed a population-based prospective nested case-control study, in which the relationships between polymorphisms (OPG-1181G/C, OPG-950T/C and IL6-174G/C) and ischemic stroke and ICH were examined. Definitive first-ever stroke events (n = 388), i.e. ischemic stroke (n = 320), ICH (n = 61) and unspecified stroke (n = 7) cases, and controls without cardiovascular disease (n = 773), matched for age, sex and geographical region were studied. Univariate and multivariate models using conditional logistic regression, which included traditional risk factors, were used to test for association. RESULTS: Carriers of the OPG-1181C/C genotype had a significantly (p = 0.018) increased risk of ICH (OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.19-6.12) in the univariate analysis. After adjustments (hypertension, diabetes, BMI and triglycerides), this genotype remained significantly (p = 0.005) associated with ICH (OR, 6.04; 95% CI, 1.71-21.29). By contrast, no correlations were found between this genotype and ischemic stroke, nor between the OPG-950T/C or IL6-174G/C polymorphisms and stroke subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: In this population, the OPG-1181C/C genotype associates with first-ever ICH, implying that alterations in OPG-mediated signaling in the vasculature may be involved in the pathophysiology of this disease.
|
|
