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- Gennings, C., et al.
(författare)
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Contrasting prenatal nutrition and environmental exposures in association with birth weight and cognitive function in children at 7 years
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2516-5542. ; 3:2, s. 162-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Good nutrition is essential for individual health, a notion that is particularly true during pregnancy. We have used a nutrition index that measures the adequacy of one's diet relative to the unique nutritional needs of individuals due to, for example, their activity level, dietary restrictions, lifestyle and body size. The use of this personalised metric of dietary nutritiousness in the analysis of prenatal environmental exposures and developmental outcomes permits testing for potential mitigating effects of good nutrition. We also provide an analysis strategy for investigating the balance in beneficial food sources which are also the source of environmental toxicants. Methods A holistic measure of nutrition, My Nutrition Index (MNI), measures the nutrient quality (ie, 'nutritiousness') of a specified daily diet. MNI is calculated based on quantification of dozens of macronutrients and micronutrients that are specific to an individual's nutritional needs by incorporating dietary restrictions, subject characteristics, activity level and health behaviours. The Swedish Environmental, Longitudinal, Mother and child, Asthma and allergy Study is a Swedish pregnancy cohort, with prenatal endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) exposure and dietary data available. This makes it possible to test for the potential mitigating effects of good nutrition on health and development effects in offspring from EDCs. Results Using prenatal Food Frequency Questionnaire data to construct an individual's MNI, the index was significantly and positively associated with important metabolic outcome (as measured by birth weight) and cognitive function at age 7 years (as measured by WISC IQ) in children when adjusted for covariates and prenatal concentrations of an EDC. In a stratified analysis of 'low' and 'high' fish consumption, a potential source of perfluoro-octanesulfonic acid (PFOS), the association between PFOS and birth weight was diminished in the high consumption group compared with the low consumption group. Conclusions Thus, MNI is evidently a metric of the general nutritiousness of daily diets and is useful in environmental health studies in representing the impact of good nutrition, even during pregnancy.
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| 2. |
- Gennings, Chris, et al.
(författare)
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Using Metrics of a Mixture Effect and Nutrition from an Observational Study for Consideration towards Causal Inference
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental exposures to a myriad of chemicals are associated with adverse health effects in humans, while good nutrition is associated with improved health. Single chemical in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate causal links between the chemicals and outcomes, but such studies do not represent human exposure to environmental mixtures. One way of summarizing the effect of the joint action of chemical mixtures is through an empirically weighted index using weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression. My Nutrition Index (MNI) is a metric of overall dietary nutrition based on guideline values, including for pregnant women. Our objective is to demonstrate the use of an index as a metric for more causally linking human exposure to health outcomes using observational data. We use both a WQS index of 26 endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and MNI using data from the SELMA pregnancy cohort to conduct causal inference using g-computation with counterfactuals for assumed either reduced prenatal EDC exposures or improved prenatal nutrition. Reducing the EDC exposure using the WQS index as a metric or improving dietary nutrition using MNI as a metric, the counterfactuals in a causal inference with one SD change indicate significant improvement in cognitive function. Evaluation of such a strategy may support decision makers for risk management of EDCs and individual choices for improving dietary nutrition.
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| 3. |
- Svensson, Katherine
(författare)
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Early life environmental exposures and children's growth : A longitudinal study evaluating prenatal exposure for endocrine disrupting chemicals and nutrition in relation to children's growth up to seven years of age
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have the potential to disrupt the endocrine system in humans and animals with importance for health and development. Additionally, optimal nutrition during pregnancy is critical for fetal growth and pregnancy outcomes. However, further knowledge on the importance of EDC mixtures and nutrition, on birthweight and growth during childhood is needed. The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate the associations between prenatal exposure to EDC mixtures and nutrition respectively, with birthweight, growth and body composition in early- and mid-childhood, and to determine if these associations differed by sex. Data from mother-child pairs in the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal, Mother and child, Asthma and allergy (SELMA) study was analyzed, including 26 EDCs in prenatal urine and serum samples, children’s anthropometric and body composition measures up to seven years of age, and sociodemographic data from questionnaires and registers.Results suggest that higher prenatal exposure to EDC mixtures were associated with lower birthweight, and slower weight gain in early childhood, including a later peak growth velocity among girls. At 5.5 and 7 years of age, EDC mixtures were associated with lower BMI, less odds of overweight and less body fat among girls, but more body fat among boys at 7 years of age. Chemicals of concern in the mixtures were e.g., phthalates, bisphenols, perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) and pesticides. Finally, maternal nutrition during pregnancy, i.e., better adherence to nutritional guidelines, was associated with more body fat for boys but less body fat for girls.In conclusion, prenatal exposure to both EDC mixtures and nutrition suggests to have an influence on birthweight, and children´s growth. Several of the found associations also differed by sex.
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| 4. |
- Svensson, Katherine, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal nutrition during mid-pregnancy and children’s body composition at seven years of age in the SELMA study
- 2023
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 130:11, s. 1982-1992
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal nutrition during pregnancy is vital for both maternal and child health. Our objective was to explore if prenatal diet is associated with children’s height and body fat. Nutrient intake was assessed through a food-frequency questionnaire from 808 pregnant women and summarized to a nutrition index, "My Nutrition Index"(MNI). The association with children’s height and body fat (bioimpedance) was assessed with linear regression models. Secondary analysis was performed with BMI, trunk fat and skinfolds. Overall, higher MNI score was associated with greater height (β=0.47; (95% CI: 0.00, 0.94), among both sexes. Among boys, higher MNI was associated with 0.15 higher BMI z-scores, 0.12 body fat z-scores, 0.11 trunk fat z-scores, and larger triceps, and triceps + subscapular skinfolds (β=0.05 and β=0.06; on the log2 scale) (p-value<0.05). Among girls, the opposite associations were found with 0.12 lower trunk fat z-scores, and smaller subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds (β= -0.07 and β= -0.10; on the log2 scale) (p-value<0.05). For skinfold measures this would represent a ±1.0 millimeters difference. Unexpectedly, a prenatal diet in line with recommended nutrient intake was associated with higher measures of body fat for boys and opposite to girls at a pre-pubertal stage of development.
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