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- Hsu, N. -Y, et al.
(författare)
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Predicted risk of childhood allergy, asthma, and reported symptoms using measured phthalate exposure in dust and urine
- 2012
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Ingår i: Indoor Air. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0905-6947 .- 1600-0668. ; 22:3, s. 186-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The associated risk of phthalate exposure, both parent compounds in the home and their metabolites in urine, to childhood allergic and respiratory morbidity, after adjusting for exposures of indoor pollutants, especially bioaerosols, was comprehensively assessed. Levels of five phthalates in settled dust from the homes of 101 children (39 years old) were measured, along with their corresponding urinary metabolites. Other environmental risk factors, including indoor CO2, PM2.5, formaldehyde, 1,3-beta-d-glucan, endotoxin, allergen and fungal levels, were concomitantly examined. Subjects health status was verified by pediatricians, and parents recorded observed daily symptoms of their children for the week that the home investigation visit took place. Significantly increased level of benzylbutyl phthalate, in settled dust, was associated with test case subjects (allergic or asthmatic children). Higher levels of dibutyl phthalate and its metabolites, mono-n-butyl phthalate, and mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate were found to be the potential risk factors for the health outcomes of interest. Similarly, indoor fungal exposure remained a significant risk factor, especially for reported respiratory symptoms. The relative contribution from exposure to phthalates and indoor biocontaminants in childhood allergic and respiratory morbidity is, for the first time, quantitatively assessed and characterized. Practical Implications For asthmatic and allergic children living in subtropical and highly developed environments like homes in Taiwan, controlling environmental exposure of phthalates may be viewed as equally important as avoiding indoor microbial burdens, for the management of allergy-related diseases. It is also recognized that multidisciplinary efforts will be critical in realizing the true underlying mechanisms associated with these observations.
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| 3. |
- Lin, Fengxiang, et al.
(författare)
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Comment : On the nature of “unconventional twins” in magnesium
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scripta Materialia. - : Acta Materialia Inc. - 1359-6462 .- 1872-8456. ; 224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- “Unconventional twins” were reported by Cayron and Logé [1] to form in plastically deformed magnesium. They were used to show the occurrence of a new twinning mode which was used to argue for reconsidering the theory of deformation twinning that is based on simple shear [1], and to support a concept of axial weak twins [2]. Our paper demonstrates the incorrect interpretation of their electron back-scatter diffraction map in [1], and that the so-called “unconventional” twins are just conventional extension twins that have impinged with each other. Therefore, the so-called habit plane of the “unconventional twins” is a boundary resulting from impingement of these two different variants of the extension twin, and is therefore not expected to be invariant. © 2022 Acta Materialia Inc.
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| 4. |
- Xu, C., et al.
(författare)
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Crystallographic Analysis of Nucleation at Hardness Indentations in High-Purity Aluminum
- 2016
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Ingår i: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A. - : Springer. - 1073-5623 .- 1543-1940. ; 47:12, s. 5863-5870
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nucleation at Vickers hardness indentations has been studied in high-purity aluminum cold-rolled 12 pct. Electron channeling contrast was used to measure the size of the indentations and to detect nuclei, while electron backscattering diffraction was used to determine crystallographic orientations. It is found that indentations are preferential nucleation sites. The crystallographic orientations of the deformed grains affect the hardness and the nucleation potentials at the indentations. Higher hardness gives increased nucleation probabilities. Orientation relationships between nuclei developed at different indentations within one original grain are analyzed and it is found that the orientation distribution of the nuclei is far from random. It is suggested that it relates to the orientations present near the indentation tips which in turn depend on the orientation of the selected grain in which they form. Finally, possible nucleation mechanisms are briefly discussed. © 2016, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International.
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