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Sökning: WFRF:(Xu L) > Jönköping University

  • Resultat 1-6 av 6
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1.
  • Komatsu, Kimberly J., et al. (författare)
  • Global change effects on plant communities are magnified by time and the number of global change factors imposed
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 116:36, s. 17867-17873
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Accurate prediction of community responses to global change drivers (GCDs) is critical given the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem services. There is consensus that human activities are driving species extinctions at the global scale, but debate remains over whether GCDs are systematically altering local communities worldwide. Across 105 experiments that included over 400 experimental manipulations, we found evidence for a lagged response of herbaceous plant communities to GCDs caused by shifts in the identities and relative abundances of species, often without a corresponding difference in species richness. These results provide evidence that community responses are pervasive across a wide variety of GCDs on long-term temporal scales and that these responses increase in strength when multiple GCDs are simultaneously imposed.Global change drivers (GCDs) are expected to alter community structure and consequently, the services that ecosystems provide. Yet, few experimental investigations have examined effects of GCDs on plant community structure across multiple ecosystem types, and those that do exist present conflicting patterns. In an unprecedented global synthesis of over 100 experiments that manipulated factors linked to GCDs, we show that herbaceous plant community responses depend on experimental manipulation length and number of factors manipulated. We found that plant communities are fairly resistant to experimentally manipulated GCDs in the short term (<10 y). In contrast, long-term (≥10 y) experiments show increasing community divergence of treatments from control conditions. Surprisingly, these community responses occurred with similar frequency across the GCD types manipulated in our database. However, community responses were more common when 3 or more GCDs were simultaneously manipulated, suggesting the emergence of additive or synergistic effects of multiple drivers, particularly over long time periods. In half of the cases, GCD manipulations caused a difference in community composition without a corresponding species richness difference, indicating that species reordering or replacement is an important mechanism of community responses to GCDs and should be given greater consideration when examining consequences of GCDs for the biodiversity–ecosystem function relationship. Human activities are currently driving unparalleled global changes worldwide. Our analyses provide the most comprehensive evidence to date that these human activities may have widespread impacts on plant community composition globally, which will increase in frequency over time and be greater in areas where communities face multiple GCDs simultaneously.
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3.
  • Marseglia, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Cognitive Trajectories of Older Adults With Prediabetes and Diabetes : A Population-Based Cohort Study
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. - : Oxford University Press. - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 73:3, s. 400-406
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Diabetes has been linked to dementia risk; however, the cognitive trajectories in older adults with diabetes remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the effect of prediabetes and diabetes on cognitive trajectories among cognitively intact older adults in a long-term follow-up study.Methods Within the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging, 793 cognitively intact older adults aged ≥50 were identified at baseline and followed for up to 23 years. Based on standardized scores from 11 cognitive tests, administered at baseline and up to seven follow-ups, four cognitive domains (verbal abilities, spatial/fluid, memory, perceptual speed) were identified by principal-component analysis. Prediabetes was defined according to blood glucose levels in diabetes-free participants. Diabetes was ascertained based on self-report, hypoglycemic medication use and blood glucose levels. Data were analyzed with linear mixed-effect models adjusting for potential confounders.Results At baseline, 68 participants (8.6%) had prediabetes and 45 (5.7%) had diabetes. Compared to diabetes-free individuals, people with diabetes had a steeper decline over time in perceptual speed and verbal abilities. The annual declines in these domains were greater than the annual decline in memory. Prediabetes was associated with lower performance in memory in middle-age, but also associated with a less steep memory decline over the follow-up.Conclusions Diabetes is associated with a faster decline in perceptual speed and verbal abilities, while prediabetes is associated with lower memory performance in middle-age. However, the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia seem to not affect memory over time.
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4.
  • Xu, C. L., et al. (författare)
  • Impact of local Si segregation on strain localization in ductile cast iron
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: IOP Conference Series. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP).
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The distribution of Si content in tensile deformed ductile cast iron has been characterized using electron microscopy and correlated to the strain distribution determined based on 3D tomography data collected before and after tensile deformation and digital volume correlation analysis. The results show that the high plastic strain regions localize in bands consisting of large graphite nodules and deformed matrix with high Si content connecting the graphite nodules in the first-to-solidify regions. The bands are aligned about 45 with respect to the loading direction, which is close to the maximum shear direction. 
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5.
  • Xu, C. L., et al. (författare)
  • Micromechanical impact of solidification regions in ductile iron revealed via a 3D strain partitioning analysis method
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Scripta Materialia. - : Elsevier. - 1359-6462 .- 1872-8456. ; 178, s. 463-467
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Strain partitioning between first-to-solidify (FTS) and last-to-solidify (LTS) regions upon tensile loading of ductile iron was investigated by combining in-situ X-ray tomography with digital volume correlation and postmortem metallographic examinations. The results indicate that the plastic shear bands form mainly by linking graphite particles contained in the same FTS region. A special distance function is introduced to show that this is due to the lower strength of the FTS regions compared to the LTS regions, but also to the higher stress concentration associated with the particles. The methodology is general and therefore extendable to material systems containing similar microstructural heterogeneities.
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6.
  • Xu, Yuchun, et al. (författare)
  • Cost Engineering for Manufacturing : Current and Future Research
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: International journal of computer integrated manufacturing (Print). - : Taylor & Francis. - 0951-192X .- 1362-3052. ; 25:4/5, s. 300-314
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The paper aims to identify the scientific challenges and point out future research directions on Cost Engineering. The research areas covered in this paper include: Design Cost; Manufacturing Cost; Operating Cost; Life Cycle Cost; Risk & Uncertainty management; Affordability Engineering. Collected information at the academic forum on Cost Engineering held at Cranfield University in 2008 and further literature review findings are presented. The forum set the scope of the Cost Engineering research, a brainstorming was held on the forum and literatures were further reviewed to understand the current and future practices in cost engineering. The main benefits of the paper include coverage of the current research on cost engineering from different perspectives and the future research areas on Cost Engineering.
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  • Resultat 1-6 av 6

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