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- Langer, Judith, et al.
(författare)
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Present and Future of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-086X .- 1936-0851. ; 14:1, s. 28-117
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discovery of the enhancement of Raman scattering by molecules adsorbed on nanostructured metal surfaces is a landmark in the history of spectroscopic and analytical techniques. Significant experimental and theoretical effort has been directed toward understanding the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect and demonstrating its potential in various types of ultrasensitive sensing applications in a wide variety of fields. In the 45 years since its discovery, SERS has blossomed into a rich area of research and technology, but additional efforts are still needed before it can be routinely used analytically and in commercial products. In this Review, prominent authors from around the world joined together to summarize the state of the art in understanding and using SERS and to predict what can be expected in the near future in terms of research, applications, and technological development. This Review is dedicated to SERS pioneer and our coauthor, the late Prof. Richard Van Duyne, whom we lost during the preparation of this article. ©
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| 2. |
- Solis, Jorge, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Musical Skills of the Waseda Flutist Robot WF-4RIV
- 2007
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Ingår i: Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2007. IROS 2007. IEEE/RSJ International Conference on. - : IEEE Computer Society. ; , s. 2570-2571
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Kitamura, Yasunori, et al.
(författare)
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Calculation of higher moments of the neutron multiplication process in a time-varying medium
- 2007
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Ingår i: Annals of Nuclear Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4549 .- 1873-2100. ; 34:5, s. 385-395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The zero-power reactor noise theory in a steady neutron multiplying medium was extended recently to a medium randomly varying in time to bridge the fields of the zero-power and the power reactor noise. For a time-varying medium in which the transition probability randomly fluctuates, only the use of the probability generating function technique based on the forward master equation approach is practical. However, with the forward master equation approach, the treatment of the joint moments of the neutron number and the medium state leads to a closure problem. Recently, the capability of the moment calculation technique for such cases was extended such that the closure problem could be solved exactly. The present paper describes and demonstrates this closure-free moment calculation technique in a time-varying binary multiplying medium, in which the medium state has two possible realizations. In addition to the first two moments of the neutron number N alone (irrespective of the medium state η), the joint moments of Nn and ηm, i.e., , were also obtained in a compact form for n = 1, 2 and arbitrary values of m, without a closure assumption. It was found that, for even m values, the asymptotic values of Nn and ηm are uncorrelated, whereas, for odd m values, they are negatively correlated, namely, their covariance is less than zero. The first two moments of the neutron number theoretically obtained were verified by the Monte Carlo technique. A perfect agreement was found between the Monte Carlo and the theoretical solutions. The closure-free moment calculation technique demonstrated in the present paper is expected to be applicable to various other problems related to the birth-and-death process with fluctuations of the transition probability, in which a closure problem occurs.
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| 4. |
- Modin, Oskar, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Bioelectrochemical hydrogen peroxide production – an opportunity for sustainable mitigation of membrane bioreactor fouling
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Biofilm Reactor Technology Conference, Portland, Oregon, USA, 2010. ; , s. 449-461
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Membranes in membrane bioreactors (MBR) are typically cleaned with sodium hypochlorite. The latter is a strong oxidant and of concern due to the possible formation of chlorinated hydrocarbons. Here, we propose a new concept for chemical membrane cleaning with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), generated onsite in a bioelectrochemical system. The energy present in the wastewater organics can be used to power the production process. We investigated bioelectrochemical H2O2 production from a synthetic wastewater in an inclinedbed reactor and discuss the possibility of using H2O2 to replace sodium hypochlorite for membrane cleaning. Low current, the use of carbon fiber as opposed to graphite, and low pH in the cathode all benefited H2O2 production. It was also possible to generate H2O2 with a net energy output, i.e. by operating the reactor as a microbial fuel cell. The highest H2O2concentration produced in this study was 176.3 mg/l, which was obtained at a production rate of 1.26 mg/h and an energy input of 0.32 kWh/kgH2O2. A concentration of 91.6 mg/l, a production rate of 0.54 mg/h and an energy output of 0.18 kWh/kgH2O2 was obtained when the reactor was operated as a microbial fuel cell. For application in a MBR, a relatively small portion (>3.8 mg/l BOD) of the influent organic compounds would have to be converted tocurrent by the electroactive bacteria living on the anode to produce sufficient amount of H2O2 for membrane cleaning. However, the produced H2O2 concentration must likely reach a concentration of 0.2-0.5%.
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| 8. |
- Modin, Oskar, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Redistribution of wastewater alkalinity with a microbial fuel cell to support nitrification of reject water
- 2011
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Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 45:8, s. 2691-2699
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In wastewater treatment plants, the reject water from the sludge treatment processes typically contains high ammonium concentrations, which constitute a significant internal nitrogen load in the plant. Often, a separate nitrification reactor is used to treat the reject water before it is fed back into the plant. The nitrification reaction consumes alkalinity, which has to be replenished by dosing e.g. NaOH or Ca(OH)(2). In this study, we investigated the use of a two-compartment microbial fuel cell (MFC) to redistribute alkalinity from influent wastewater to support nitrification of reject water. In an MFC, alkalinity is consumed in the anode compartment and produced in the cathode compartment. We use this phenomenon and the fact that the influent wastewater flow is many times larger than the reject water flow to transfer alkalinity from the influent wastewater to the reject water. In a laboratory-scale system, ammonium oxidation of synthetic reject water passed through the cathode chamber of an MFC, increased from 73.8 +/- 8.9 mgN/L under open-circuit conditions to 160.1 +/- 4.8 mgN/L when a current of 1.96 +/- 0.37 mA (15.1 mA/L total MFC liquid volume) was flowing through the MFC. These results demonstrated the positive effect of an MFC on ammonium oxidation of alkalinity-limited reject water.
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