| 1. |
- Arefalk, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
-
Smokeless Tobacco (Snus) and Risk of Heart Failure of Ischemic and Non-Ischemic Origin: a Pooled Analysis of Eight Prospective Cohort Studies
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BackgroundSnus, a Swedish type of smokeless tobacco, has potent acute hemodynamic effects, which could provoke stress on the cardiovascular system, including the myocardium. Snus has, however, not been linked to risk of ischemic heart disease. Therefore, we hypothesized that snus use increases the risk for heart failure of non-ischemic origin.MethodsWe conducted a pooled analysis of eight Swedish prospective cohort studies involving individual participant data from 350,711 men. Shared frailty models with random effects at the cohort level, were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of heart failure in relation to snus use. We investigated dose-response associations, and association with ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure in separate. For positive control purposes, we also investigated associations between smoking and risk of heart failure.ResultsDuring a median follow-up time of 16 years, 5,404 men were hospitalized for heart failure. In models adjusting for age, smoking, previous myocardial infarction and educational level, current snus use was associated with a higher risk of heart failure (HR 1.27, 95 % CI 1.07-1.50), relative to non-current snus use. A dose-response pattern was observed, with higher risk with more snus cans used per week. We observed an association of snus use with non-ischemic heart failure, HR 1.34 (95 % CI 1.11-1.63), but not with ischemic heart failure, HR 1.01 (95 % CI 0.72-1.42). Smoking was more strongly associated with heart failure, particularly of ischemic origin, than snus use.ConclusionsSnus use was associated with a modestly increased risk for heart failure of non-ischemic origin in a dose-response manner. This finding has public health implications for the risk assessment of snus use, and potentially other modes of smokeless use of nicotine.
|
|
| 2. |
- Debelius, Justine W, et al.
(författare)
-
A comparison of approaches to scaffolding multiple regions along the 16S rRNA gene for improved resolution
- 2021
-
Ingår i: BiorXiv. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- MotivationFull length, high resolution 16s rRNA marker gene sequencing has been challenging historically. Short amplicons provide high accuracy reads with widely available equipment, at the cost of taxonomic resolution. One recent proposal has been to reconstruct multiple amplicons along the full-length marker gene, however no barcode-free computationally tractable approach for this is available. To address this gap, we present Sidle (SMURF Implementation Done to acceLerate Efficiency), an implementation of the Short MUltiple Reads Framework algorithm with a novel tree building approach to reconstruct rRNA genes from individually amplified regions.ResultsUsing simulated and real data, we compared Sidle to two other approaches of leveraging multiple gene region data. We found that Sidle had the least bias in non-phylogenetic alpha diversity, feature-based measures of beta diversity, and the reconstruction of individual clades. With a curated database, Sidle also provided the most precise species-level resolution.Availability and ImplementationSidle is available under a BSD 3 license from https://github.com/jwdebelius/q2-sidle
|
|
| 3. |
- Longinetti, Elisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases among families with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Neurology. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics. - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 89:6, s. 578-585
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: To estimate risks of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases among patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and their families. Methods: We conducted a register-based nested case-control study during 1990-2013 in Sweden to assess whether ALS patients had higher risks of other neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases before diagnosis. We included 3,648 ALS patients and 36,480 age-, sex-, and county-of-birth matched population controls. We further conducted a follow-up study of the cases and controls to assess the risks of other neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases after ALS diagnosis. To assess the potential contribution of familial factors, we conducted similar studies for the relatives of ALS patients and their controls. Results: Individuals with previous neurodegenerative or psychiatric diseases had a 49% increased risk of ALS (odds ratio=1.49, 95% confidence interval=1.35-1.66), compared to individuals without these diseases. After diagnosis, ALS patients had increased risks of other neurodegenerative or psychiatric diseases (hazard ratio=2.90, 95% confidence interval=2.46-3.43), compared to individuals without ALS. The strongest associations were noted for frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson’s disease, other dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, neurotic disorders, depression, stress-related disorders, and drug abuse/dependence. First-degree relatives of ALS patients had higher risk of neurodegenerative diseases, whereas only children of ALS patients had higher risk of psychiatric disorders, compared to relatives of the controls. Conclusions: Familial aggregation of ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases implies a shared etiopathogenesis among all neurodegenerative diseases. The increased risk of psychiatric disorders among ALS patients and their children might be attributable to non-motor symptoms of ALS and severe stress response toward the diagnosis.
|
|
| 4. |
- Ye, Weimin
(författare)
-
Aspects of gastroesophageal reflux and risk for esophageal cancer : an epidemiological approach
- 2003
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aims: The aims of this study were to confirm, in a prospective study, the link between gastroesophageal reflux. and risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction observed in retrospective studies, to investigate into the effects of anti-reflux surgery, and to shed light on some possible mechanisms behind the alleged carcinogenicity. Methods: We estimated relative risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma in a cohort of 35,274 male patients hospitalized for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and another cohort of 6,406 male patients who underwent antireflux surgery identified in the Swedish Inpatient Register, using the general Swedish population as reference. Further, in a nationwide population-based case-control study in Sweden, antibodies against H. pylori and cytotoxin associated gene-A-positive (CagA+) antigens, and pepsinogen I concentration were measured using sera from 97 esophageal adenocarcinoma, 85 esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma patients and 499 randomly selected controls. We also followed 21,265 patients hospitalized for pernicious anemia in Sweden between 1965 and 1999 for an average of 7.1 years and estimated relative risks of esophageal cancer by histology. Finally, polymorphisms in XPD codon 751 (Lys→Gln) were genotyped and compared between cases and controls using material in the above-mentioned case-control study. Results: More than 6-fold and 14-fold excess risks for esophageal adenocarcinoma were observed among unoperated and operated gastroesophageal reflux disease patients, respectively. The risk among operated patients remained elevated regardless of time after surgery. We found a significantly reduced risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma associated with H. pylori infection. The inverse association remained in the stratum without stomach atrophy. In contrast, subjects with CagA positive serology had an about 2-fold excess risk for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. Compared with the general population, a significant excess risk for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma was observed in pernicious anemia patients, while no significant risk elevation or reduction was observed for esophageal adenocarcinoma. XPD codon 751 Lys/Gln and Gln/Gln genotypes, compared with Lys/Lys genotype, were both associated with a more than doubled risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma. The combined effects of these genotypes and symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux departed from additivity, but only with borderline significance. Conclusions: Gastroesophageal reflux is strongly associated with tile risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. However, the high risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma remains after antireflux surgery as practiced in Sweden. The effects of earlier intervention against GERD need to be evaluated. Infection with H. pylori is inversely associated with risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, but the hypothesized pathway via atrophy - reduced acid load in the esophagus appears unlikely. Gastric atrophy following infection with CagA+ strains of H. pylori or type A atrophic gastritis_may increase the risk for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. XPD 75 1 Gln allele is a potential genetic marker for susceptibility to esophageal adenocarcinoma, and may interact multiplicatively with gastroesophageal reflux on the carcinogenesis of this tumor.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
