| 1. |
- Li, Xueqiang, et al.
(författare)
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Toxicity of ionic liquid on anaerobic digestion
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1876-6102. ; 142, s. 938-942
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anaerobic digestion is a straightforward process to produce energy from biomass. However, the lignin composed of phenylpropanoid units induces a strong resistance for the hydrolysis step. Ionic liquids (ILs) have been applied in biomass pretreatment to dissolve the biomass components and enhance the anaerobic digestion. However, there are still some challenges such as the toxicity. ILs could inhibit the digestion process and reduce the CH4 production. In this work, a toxicity test for [BMIM]Cl (1-chlorobutane and N-methylimidazole) was conducted. Results show that IL has a strong inhibition and lowered CH4 production when its concentration was higher. At 0.2305±0.0116 g L-1 and 0.4367±0.0219 g L-1, the anaerobic digestion process was inhibited by 10 and 50%, respectively. Accordingly, a higher recovery ratio or a lower pretreatment ratio are necessary to avoid the negative impact of inhibition on BMP.
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| 2. |
- Amundadottir, Laufey T., et al.
(författare)
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A common variant associated with prostate cancer in European and African populations
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - DeCODE Genet, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. Univ Iceland, Landspitali Hosp, Dept Pathol, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. Univ Iceland, Landspitali Hosp, Dept Urol, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. Univ Michigan, Dept Human Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Orebro Univ Hosp, Dept Urol & Clin Med, Orebro, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Michigan, Dept Urol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Urol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Human Genet, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 38:6, s. 652-658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the increasing incidence of prostate cancer, identifying common genetic variants that confer risk of the disease is important. Here we report such a variant on chromosome 8q24, a region initially identified through a study of Icelandic families. Allele -8 of the microsatellite DG8S737 was associated with prostate cancer in three case-control series of European ancestry from Iceland, Sweden and the US. The estimated odds ratio (OR) of the allele is 1.62 (P = 2.7 x 10(-11)). About 19% of affected men and 13% of the general population carry at least one copy, yielding a population attributable risk (PAR) of approximately 8%. The association was also replicated in an African American case-control group with a similar OR, in which 41% of affected individuals and 30% of the population are carriers. This leads to a greater estimated PAR (16%) that may contribute to higher incidence of prostate cancer in African American men than in men of European ancestry.
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| 3. |
- Guo, K., et al.
(författare)
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In-situ heavy and extra-heavy oil recovery : A review
- 2016
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Ingår i: Fuel. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-2361 .- 1873-7153. ; 185, s. 886-902
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the growing global energy demand and increasingly limited availability of conventional or easy-to-produce crude oils, extensive attention is being paid to the exploitation of unconventional heavy and extra-heavy oils. However, their inherent properties, characterized by high viscosity and poor mobility, coupled with the complex reservoir configuration, make the desired recovery processes very challenging. Although several in-situ recovery techniques have been employed in oil reservoirs worldwide, most of them are still suffering from low sweep and displacement efficiencies, high capital investment, potential formation damage and negative environmental footprints. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the existing in-situ heavy oil recovery techniques, which fall into three categories of thermal injection, chemical injection and gas injection. Different aspects including the fundamental principles, main features, applicability, and limitations of these recovery processes are elaborated sequentially to illustrate the current technology status. Underlying mechanisms causing the relatively low recovery factors will also be pinpointed. Furthermore, this paper focuses on the technology using novel and active catalysts for simultaneous heavy oil upgrading and recovery, especially in the case of metallic nanocatalysts. Rationales, advantages and challenges regarding this in-situ catalytic upgrading technology will be extensively described for their potential implementation in fields. It is noteworthy that many recovery techniques are still limited to the laboratory scale with needs for further investigations. Therefore, this paper also covers the evaluation standards and analytical methodologies of heavy and extra-heavy oil recovery to establish experimental screening criteria. In the end, economic and environmental aspects of the in-situ catalytic upgrading technology have been briefly discussed. The objective of this review is to present a wide range of expertise related to the in-situ heavy oil recovery processes, and to introduce the in-situ catalytic upgrading technology as an effective and environmental friendly heavy oil recovery process.
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| 4. |
- Guo, K., et al.
(författare)
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Size-Dependent Catalytic Activity of Monodispersed Nickel Nanoparticles for the Hydrolytic Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane
- 2018
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society. - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 10:1, s. 517-525
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nickel (Ni) nanoparticles (NPs) with controlled sizes in the range of 4.9-27.4 nm are synthesized by tuning the ratio of the nickel acetylacetonate precursor and trioctylphosphine in the presence of oleylamine. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy confirm the formation of the metallic Ni crystal phase and their monodispersed nature. These Ni NPs are found to be effective catalysts for the hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane, and their catalytic activities are size-dependent. A volcano-type activity trend is observed with 8.9 nm Ni NPs presenting the best catalytic performance. The activation energy and turnover frequency (TOF) of the 8.9 nm NP catalyst are further calculated to be 66.6 kJ·mol-1 and 154.2 molH2·molNi -1·h-1, respectively. Characterization of the spent catalysts indicates that smaller-sized NPs face severe agglomeration, resulting in poor stability and activity. Three carbon support materials are thus used to disperse and stabilize the Ni NPs. It shows that 8.9 nm Ni NPs supported on Ketjenblack (KB) exhibit higher activity than that supported on carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets. The agglomeration-induced activity loss is further illustrated by immobilizing 4.9 nm Ni NPs onto KB, which exhibits significantly enhanced activity with a high TOF of 447.9 molH2·molNi -1·h-1 as well as an excellent reusability in the consecutive dehydrogenation of ammonia borane. The high catalytic performance can be attributed to the intrinsic activity of nanoparticulate Ni and the improved activity and stability due to the strong Ni/KB metal-support interactions.
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| 5. |
- Kalai, D. Y., et al.
(författare)
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The effect of la on the hydrotalcite derived Ni catalysts for dry reforming of methane
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1876-6102. ; 142, s. 3721-3726
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of 20Ni-Mg-Al hydrotalcite-like (HT) precursors were prepared to study the influence of lanthanum (La) on the catalytic activity of the catalysts in the dry reforming of methane (DRM). The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). All catalysts presented ordered mesoporous structures with a large specific surface area. XRD confirmed the presence of HT structure for all of the precursors while the La promotion resulted in an additional phase of Lanthanum carbonate hydroxide. TPR study showed larger reduction degree for the catalysts but also reduction peaks that are shifted to higher temperatures. DRM reactions at 600 and 750°C revealed that the DRM activity was increased by the addition of La, while the stability of the catalysts was reduced at 600°C.
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| 6. |
- Li, Hailong, et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility study on combining anaerobic digestion and biomass gasification to increase the production of biomethane
- 2015
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Ingår i: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 100, s. 212-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a rapid growing interest in using biomethane as fuel for transport applications. A new concept is proposed to combine anaerobic digestion and biomass gasification to produce biomethane. H-2 is separated from the syngas generated by biomass gasification in a membrane system, and then is used to upgrade raw biogas from anaerobic digestion. Simulations have been conducted based on the real operation data of one full scale biogas plant and one full scale biomass gasification plant in order to investigate the feasibility of the new concept. Results show that although less power and heat are generated compared to the gasification plant, which results in a lower overall efficiency, much more biomethane can be produced than the biogas plant; and the new concept can achieve a higher exergy efficiency. Due to the increasing price of biomethane, the novel concept demonstrates a big potential of income increase. For example, at a biomethane price of 12.74SEK/kg, the annual income can be increased by 53% compared to the total income of the biogas and gasification plant. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Li, Hailong, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Thermo-physical properties of CO2 mixtures and their impacts on CO2 capture, transport and storage : Progress since 2011
- 2019
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The knowledge of accurate thermo-physical properties is crucial for the development and deployment of CO2 capture, transport and storage (CCS). The progress on the experimental data and theoretical models regarding thermo-physical properties of CO2 mixtures as well as the property impact on the design and operation of different CCS processes has been updated. The newly published experimental data since 2011 have been collected and reviewed based on which the new knowledge gaps regarding measurements have been identified. There have also been some advanced models proposed recently, which have shown good performances. The collected model performances don't show there exist a model that is superior to others; but they still provide a good guideline regarding model selection. However, developing more-complex models as the complexity may not necessarily improve the accuracy when empirical parameters were included and well-tuned. By comparing the importance of the properties and the accuracy of existing models, suggestions were given regarding the development of property models that should be prioritized.
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| 8. |
- Lv, C., et al.
(författare)
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Coordinated Operation and Planning of Integrated Electricity and Gas Community Energy System with Enhanced Operational Resilience
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 2169-3536. ; 8, s. 59257-59277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The coupling in integrated electricity and gas community energy system (IEGS) provides alternative operation modes when unpredictable outages occur at energy-supply sides. Reasonable operation strategies and system configuration can effectively improve the system's resilience, making reliable and continuous operation feasible. Based on the complementary characteristics and reserve capabilities of IEGS, this paper proposes a multi-stage scheduling strategy for resilience enhancement in which thermal storage serves as emergency response resources. The resilient scheduling framework consists of rolling reserve optimization stage, day-ahead economic dispatch stage and fault restoration stage. With the reserve capacity of energy storage generated by rolling optimization and day-ahead dispatch, multiple forms' critical loads will be satisfied in priority when outage occurs on energy-supply sides. Furthermore, a two-level planning model integrating the resilient operation strategy is formulated to better adapt to the source emergency. The proposed planning method is applied to an IEGS with practical demands as a case study. The results show that the configuration generated by the two-level planning model can satisfy the daily reserve requirements for emergency failures, and the resilient scheduling strategy with storage reserve can improve the system resilience effectively.
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| 9. |
- Stangeland, K., et al.
(författare)
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CO2 hydrogenation to methanol : the structure–activity relationships of different catalyst systems
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energy, Ecology and Environment. - : Joint Center on Global Change and Earth System Science of the University of Maryland and Beijing Normal University. - 2363-7692 .- 2363-8338. ; 5:4, s. 272-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CO2 hydrogenation to methanol is a promising environmental-friendly route for combatting CO2 emissions. Methanol can be used to produce a variety of chemicals and is also an alternative fuel. The CO2-to-methanol process is mostly studied over multi-component catalysts in which both metal and oxide phases are present. The difficulty in elucidating the influence of the different phases on the catalytic performance has led to intense debate about the nature of the active site. Consequently, the main stumbling blocks in developing rational design strategies are the complexity of the multi-component catalytic systems and challenges in elucidating the active sites. In this paper, we reviewed the most promising catalyst systems for the industrial CO2-to-methanol processes. Firstly, the copper-based catalysts are discussed. The focus is on the debate regarding the promotional effect of zinc, as well as other metal oxides typically employed to enhance the performance of copper-based catalysts. Other catalytic systems are then covered, which are mainly based on palladium and indium. Alloying and metal–metal oxide interaction also play a significant role in the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol over these catalysts. The purpose of this work is to give insight into these complex catalytic systems that can be utilized for advanced catalyst synthesis for the industrial CO2-to-methanol process.
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| 10. |
- Yu, H., et al.
(författare)
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Improved triangle splitting based bi-objective optimization for community integrated energy systems with correlated uncertainties
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2213-1388 .- 2213-1396. ; 49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Economic and environmental benefits are the most important in the operation of community integrated energy systems (CIES), modeled as a bi-objective optimization problem. In the case of the uncertainties from loads and renewable energy generators, the effectiveness of the operation strategies may be degraded in the practical applications of CIES. In this paper, an improved triangle splitting based bi-objective optimization method is proposed to search for the Pareto optimal solution of the CIES operation. The general preference of decision-makers in practical applications is utilized in the search process to reduce the detailed search interval and consequently improve the optimization efficiency. In addition, a bi-objective uncertain optimization framework is established for the economic-environmental operation of the CIES under uncertainties. The correlation between uncertainties is considered to generate the operation scenarios, in which the solution probability function is employed to determine the final operation strategy with robustness. A comprehensive case study is conducted based on a practical CIES in China, proving the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods.
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