| 1. |
- Ding, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Economical flexibility options for integrating fluctuating wind energy in power systems : The case of China
- 2018
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 228, s. 426-436
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The inherent stochastic nature of wind power requires additional flexibility during power system operation. Traditionally, conventional generation is the only option to provide the required flexibility. However, the provision of the flexibility from the conventional generation such as coal-fired generating units comes at the cost of significantly additional fuel consumption and carbon emissions. Fortunately, with the development of the technologies, energy storage and customer demand response would be able to compete with the conventional generation in providing the flexibility. Give that power systems should deploy the most economic resources for provision of the required operational flexibility, this paper presents a detailed analysis of the economic characteristics of these key flexibility options. The concept of “balancing cost” is proposed to represent the cost of utilizing the flexible resources to integrate the variable wind power. The key indicators are proposed respectively for the different flexible resources to measure the balancing cost. Moreover, the optimization models are developed to evaluate the indicators to find out the balancing costs when utilizing different flexible resources. The results illustrate that exploiting the potential of flexibility from demand side management is the preferred option for integrating variable wind power when the penetration level is below 10%, preventing additional fuel consumption and carbon emissions. However, it may require 8% of the customer demand to be flexible and available. Moreover, although energy storage is currently relatively expensive, it is likely to prevail over conventional generation by 2025 to 2030, when the capital cost of energy storage is projected to drop to approximately $ 400/kWh or lower.
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| 4. |
- Solis, Jorge, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Japan-Sweden Academia-industry international collaboration : Challenges in developing a robotic assistive eating device for frail elderly's independent life
- 2017
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Ingår i: CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Volume 2059. - : RWTH Aachen University. ; , s. 61-65, s. 61-65
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This project aims at making a mock-up of a multi grip tool for a robotic assistive device and a camera system which enable frail elderly to live more independently and to keep track of their food intake. The robot will be developed through user centered design with analyses of real use cases in Japan and Sweden. Thanks to the collaborating researchers with a strong applied research approach as well as the companies with a strong experience in engineering solutions in both the Japanese and Swedish teams, the functionalities of Bestic, an assistive eating device, could be enhanced for commercial use, and distributed to municipalities and to the general pub.
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| 5. |
- Sun, Q., et al.
(författare)
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A Comprehensive Review of Smart Energy Meters in Intelligent Energy Networks
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE Internet of Things Journal. - 2327-4662. ; 3:4, s. 464-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The significant increase in energy consumption and the rapid development of renewable energy, such as solar power and wind power, have brought huge challenges to energy security and the environment, which, in the meantime, stimulate the development of energy networks toward a more intelligent direction. Smart meters are the most fundamental components in the intelligent energy networks (IENs). In addition to measuring energy flows, smart energy meters can exchange the information on energy consumption and the status of energy networks between utility companies and consumers. Furthermore, smart energy meters can also be used to monitor and control home appliances and other devices according to the individual consumer's instruction. This paper systematically reviews the development and deployment of smart energy meters, including smart electricity meters, smart heat meters, and smart gas meters. By examining various functions and applications of smart energy meters, as well as associated benefits and costs, this paper provides insights and guidelines regarding the future development of smart meters.
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| 8. |
- Zhang, Q., et al.
(författare)
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An integrated scenario analysis for future zero-carbon energy system
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Energy Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0363-907X .- 1099-114X. ; 39:7, s. 993-1010
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An integrated scenario analysis methodology has been proposed for zero-carbon energy system in perspectives of social-economy, environment and technology. By using the methodology, service demands in all sectors were estimated based on social-economic data, and then the best technology and energy mixes were obtained to meet the service demands. The methodology was applied to Japan toward zero-carbon energy system out to the year of 2100, and three different scenarios of nuclear power development are considered in light of the Fukushima accident: (i) no further introduction of nuclear, (ii) fixed portion and (iii) no limit of nuclear. The results show that, zero-carbon energy scenario can be attained in the year 2100 when electricity will supply 75% of total energy consumption, and three power generation scenarios were proposed, 30% renewable and 70% gas-carbon capture and storage (CCS) in Scenario 1, respective one-third nuclear, renewable and gas-CCS in Scenario 2, and 60% nuclear power, 20% renewable and 10% gas-CCS in Scenario 3. Finally, Scenario 2 is rated as the most balanced scenario by putting emphasis on the availability of diversified power source, considering the inter-comparison of the three scenarios from the four aspects of cost, CO2 emission, risk and diversity.
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| 9. |
- Zhu, K., et al.
(författare)
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Estimating the maximum energy-saving potential based on IT load and IT load shifting
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 138, s. 902-909
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cooling system consumes more than 35% of total electricity in most data centers. The provided cooling normally exceeds the actual demand of IT equipment in order to assure the safe operation, resulting in a low energy efficiency. In this paper, a novel method based on demand response was proposed to precisely control the cooling supply, and the energy saving potential was assessed systematically. Compared to the reference case, in which the cooling demand is determined by assuming all of servers are in the running status, when the cooling demand was determined based on the measured dynamic IT load at room level, row level, rack level and server level, it can be reduced by 7.9%, 14.2%, 15.6% and 17.9% respectively for the random selected 48 h. In addition, IT load shifting also has a big potential to save energy, as it can make the cooling system working at a higher energy efficiency, which varies with loads. Two cases were studied: even distribution of IT load and optimized IT load shifting. Compared to the best case that determines the cooling demand according to the IT load at server level, they can further reduce the electricity consumption of cooling systems by 0.9%, and 1.2%.
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