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- Chen, Zhang, et al.
(author)
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Making monolayer graphene photoluminescent by electron-beam-activated fluorination approach
- 2023
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In: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 608
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The past one and half decades have witnessed a tremendous development of graphene electronics, and the key to the success of graphene is its exceptional properties. The lacking of an inherent bandgap endows graphene with excellent electrical properties but considerably limits its applications in light-emitting and high-performance graphene-based devices. Herein, an approach for the direct writing of semiconducting and photoluminescent fluorinated graphene (C4F) patterns on monolayer graphene by an optimized electron-beam-activated fluorination technique is reported. A series of characterization approaches, such as atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to demonstrate the successful preparation of C4F for maskless lithography. Specially, a sharp and strong photoluminescence located at the purple light range of ∼380 nm was observed in C4F, demonstrating a desirable semiconducting nature, and the bandgap was further confirmed by follow-up electrical measurements, where the C4F filed-effect transistor exhibited a p-type semiconductor behavior and significantly enhanced on/off ratio. Therefore, this work provides a novel technique for the fabrication of graphene devices for promising electronic and optoelectronic applications, but also opens a route towards the tailoring and engineering of electronic properties of graphene.
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| 3. |
- Zheng, Xiaoxiao, et al.
(author)
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Graphene-Oxide-Based Fluoro- and Chromo-Genic Materials and Their Applications
- 2022
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In: Molecules. - : MDPI AG. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 27:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Composite materials and their applications constitute a hot field of research nowadays due to the fact that they comprise a combination of the unique properties of each component of which they consist. Very often, they exhibit better performance and properties compared to their combined building blocks. Graphene oxide (GO), as the most widely used derivative of graphene, has attracted widespread attention because of its excellent properties. Abundant oxygen-containing functional groups on GO can provide various reactive sites for chemical modification or functionalization of GO, which in turn can be used to develop novel GO-based composites. This review outlines the most recent advances in the field of novel dyes and pigments encompassing GO as a key ingredient or as an important cofactor. The interactions of graphene with other materials/compounds are highlighted. The special structure and unique properties of GO have a great effect on the performance of fabricated hybrid dyes and pigments by enhancing the color performance of dyes, the anticorrosion properties of pigments, the viscosity and rheology of inks, etc., which further expands the applications of dyes and pigments in dyeing, optical elements, solar-thermal energy storage, sensing, coatings, and microelectronics devices. Finally, challenges in the current development as well as the future prospects of GO-based dyes and pigments are also discussed. This review provides a reference for the further exploration of novel dyes and pigments.
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| 5. |
- Li, Lin, 1989-, et al.
(author)
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Association Between Pharmacological Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Long-term Unemployment Among Working-Age Individuals in Sweden
- 2022
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In: JAMA Network Open. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2574-3805. ; 5:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Importance: Adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at greater risk for unemployment. Pharmacological treatment is effective in reducing the core symptoms of ADHD, but whether it helps to reduce the unemployment rate among adult patients remains unclear.Objective: To investigate the association between use of ADHD medication and long-term unemployment in working-age adults with ADHD.Design, Setting, and Participants: Data for this population-based cohort study were extracted from Swedish national registers. Among 25 358 individuals with ADHD born from 1958 to 1978, 12 875 middle-aged adults among the workforce were included. The longitudinal cohort was followed up from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2013. Data were analyzed from March 1, 2020, through May 31, 2021.Exposures: Use of medication for ADHD during the previous 2 years was the main exposure, as both categorical and continuous variables.Main Outcomes and Measures: Yearly accumulated unemployed days were derived from the Public Employment Service, and long-term unemployment was defined as 90 or more days of unemployment per year. Overall and sex-specific relative risks (RRs) with 95% CIs were estimated using generalized estimating equations.Results: Among 12 875 individuals with ADHD (5343 women [41.50%] and 7532 men [58.50%]; mean [SD] age, 37.9 [5.6] years), the use of ADHD medications during the previous 2 years was associated with a 10% lower risk of long-term unemployment in the following year (adjusted RR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.87-0.95]). An association between use of ADHD medications and long-term unemployment was found among women (RR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.76-0.89]) but not men (RR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.91-1.01]). Longer treatment duration was associated with a lower risk of subsequent long-term unemployment among women (RR for use of 1-6 months, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.78-0.95]; RR for use of 18-24 months, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.58-0.90]; P < .001 for trend). Within-individual comparisons showed that the long-term unemployment rate was lower during periods of ADHD medication treatment compared with nontreatment periods (RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.85-0.94).Conclusions and Relevance: The findings of this cohort study suggest that the use of ADHD medication is associated with a lower risk of subsequent long-term unemployment for middle-aged women. These findings should be considered together with the existing knowledge of risks and benefits of ADHD medication when developing treatment plans for working-age adults.
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- Li, Mengxiong, et al.
(author)
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Highly Oriented Graphite Aerogel Fabricated by Confined Liquid-Phase Expansion for Anisotropically Thermally Conductive Epoxy Composites
- 2020
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In: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8252 .- 1944-8244. ; 12:24, s. 27476-27484
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Graphene-based thermally conductive polymer composites are of great importance for the removal of the excess heat generated by electronic devices. However, due to the orientation of graphene sheets in the polymer matrix, the through-plane thermal conductivity of polymer/graphene composites remains far from satisfactory. We here demonstrate a confined liquid-phase expansion strategy to fabricate highly oriented confined expanded graphite (CEG) aerogels. After being incorporated into epoxy resin (EP), the resulting EP/CEG composites exhibit a high through-plane thermal conductivity (4.14 ± 0.21 W m-1 K-1) at a quite low filler loading of 1.75 wt % (0.91 vol %), nearly 10 times higher than that of neat EP resin and 7.5 times higher than the in-plane thermal conductivity of the composite, indicating that the CEG aerogel has a high through-plane thermal conductivity enhancement efficiency that outperforms those of many graphite/graphene-based fillers. The facile preparation method holds great industrial application potential in fabricating anisotropic thermally conductive polymer composites.
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- Xu, Kangjun, et al.
(author)
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Association between serum vitamin B12 and risk of all-cause mortality in elderly adults : a prospective cohort study
- 2021
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In: BMC Geriatrics. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2318 .- 1471-2318. ; 21:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Results from previous studies that linking vitamin B12 to risk of chronic diseases or mortality are inconsistent. We hereby explore the association between serum concentration of vitamin B12 and all-cause mortality risk in elderly adults.METHODS: Participants aged over 65 years in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey were included in present prospective cohort study. Serum vitamin B12 was assessed at the 2011-2012 and 2014 wave, respectively. Participants were divided into three groups based on two cut-off points - 10th and 90th percentiles of vitamin B12 concentrations - in the whole population. Cox regression model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs), and restricted cubic spline function was further modelled to investigate their dose-response associations.RESULTS: Among 2,086 participants [mean ± SD: 87.74 ± 11.24 years, 908 (43.53 %) males], 943 (45.21 %) died during an average follow-up of 3.34 (SD: 1.63) years. Comparing with participants with middle concentration of serum vitamin B12, participants with high concentration had an increased risk of all-cause mortality [HR (95 %CIs): 1.30 (1.03-1.64)], whereas participants with low concentration had an insignificantly decreased risk of all-cause mortality (0.96, 0.76-1.20). The positive association between high concentration of serum vitamin B12 and all-cause mortality was also observed among the male and in a series of sensitivity analyses. In the dose-response analysis, a J-shape pattern was observed, but the non-linear association was only significant in males (Pnon-linearity = 0.0351).CONCLUSIONS: High concentration of serum vitamin B12 was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in a J-shaped pattern. The precise mechanisms underlying the association remain to be explored.
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| 8. |
- Zhao, Mingyue, et al.
(author)
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Advances in Two-Dimensional Materials for Optoelectronics Applications
- 2022
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In: Crystals. - : MDPI. - 2073-4352. ; 12:8
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The past one and a half decades have witnessed the tremendous progress of two-dimensional (2D) crystals, including graphene, transition-metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXenes, hexagonal boron nitride, etc., in a variety of fields. The key to their success is their unique structural, electrical, mechanical and optical properties. Herein, this paper gives a comprehensive summary on the recent advances in 2D materials for optoelectronic approaches with the emphasis on the morphology and structure, optical properties, synthesis methods, as well as detailed optoelectronic applications. Additionally, the challenges and perspectives in the current development of 2D materials are also summarized and indicated. Therefore, this review can provide a reference for further explorations and innovations of 2D material-based optoelectronics devices.
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