| 1. |
- Hock, R, et al.
(författare)
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High Mountain Areas
- 2019
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Ingår i: IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. - : IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. ; , s. 131-202
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The cryosphere (including, snow, glaciers, permafrost, lake and river ice) is an integral element of high- mountain regions, which are home to roughly 10% of the global population. Widespread cryosphere changes affect physical, biological and human systems in the mountains and surrounding lowlands, with impacts evident even in the ocean. Building on the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), this chapter assesses new evidence on observed recent and projected changes in the mountain cryosphere as well as associated impacts, risks and adaptation measures related to natural and human systems. Impacts in response to climate changes independently of changes in the cryosphere are not assessed in this chapter. Polar mountains are included in Chapter 3, except those in Alaska and adjacent Yukon, Iceland, and Scandinavia, which are included in this chapter.
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| 2. |
- Zhang, H, et al.
(författare)
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Service composition in cloud manufacturing : A DQN-based approach
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Series in Operations Research and Management Science. - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 239-254
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cloud manufacturing is a new service-oriented manufacturing model that integrates distributed manufacturing resources to provide on-demand manufacturing services over the Internet. Service composition that builds larger-granularity, value-added services by combining a number of smaller-granularity services to satisfy consumers’ complex requirements is an important issue in cloud manufacturing. Meta-heuristic algorithms such as genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and ant colony algorithm are frequently employed for addressing service composition issues in cloud manufacturing. However, these algorithms require complex design flows and lack adaptability to dynamic environment. Deep reinforcement learning provides an alternative approach for solving cloud manufacturing service composition issues. This chapter proposes a deep Q-network (DQN) based approach for service composition in cloud manufacturing, which is able to find optimal service composition solutions through repeated training and learning. Results of experiments that take into account changes of service scales and service unavailability reveal the scalability and robustness of the DQN algorithm-based service composition approach.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Hashemi, Hossein, et al.
(författare)
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Using Floodwater for Artificial Recharge and Spate Irrigation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Sustainable Water Resources Management. - Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers. - 9780784414767 - 9780784480908 ; , s. 697-736
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Floodwater harvesting (FWH) for artificial recharge of groundwater (ARG) and spate irrigation (SI) is the most widely practiced large catchment water harvesting technique. It has recently received renewed attention for research, improvement, and implementation. This chapter first introduces an innovative, locally adaptive, and improved FWH technique—floodwater spreading systems (FWS)—to guide policymakers and practitioners in the management of groundwater (GW) resources and efficient rain-fed agriculture in water scarce countries. This is done by evaluating the effects of a large-scale FWH system on a local aquifer. The chapter assesses the contribution of FWH to GW recharge and improved agricultural yield by introducing SI technique through FWH. In line with the GW modeling and recharge estimation, a three-year field study to investigate improved rain-fed agricultural yield in a FWS system using the SI technique is explained. Barley was tested as an indicator plant for crop yield.
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| 5. |
- Xie, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Inland Waterborne Commerce Study Based on Variance Decomposition and Cross-Spectral Analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies. - Cham : Springer Nature. ; , s. 13-22
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much research has focused on the prediction field; however, few are concerned about the detail between forecasting and influence factors. It is an important area to help decision-makers decide in time. River and relevant factors were studied utilizing variance decomposition and cross-spectral analysis. The results show that there is an inflection point between the shipping volume and the related variables. After passing a high-speed development period, the inland shipping volume will enter a stable period of fluctuation, and the correlation with other variables will gradually decrease. The amplitude spectrum verifies the degree of influence; the cross-spectral analyzed each variable is driving relationship; the phase spectrum shows the shipping volume and the time required for effecting.
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| 6. |
- Ying, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Antenna design for diversity and MIMO application
- 2016
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Ingår i: Handbook of Antenna Technologies. - Singapore : Springer. - 9789814560443 - 9789814560436 ; , s. 1479-1530
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and diversity have attracted much attention both in industry and academia due to high data rate and high spectrum efficiency. By increasing the number of antennas at the transmitter and/or the receiver side of the wireless link, the diversity/MIMO techniques can increase wireless channel capacity without the need of additional power or spectrum in rich scattering environments. However, due to limited space of small mobile devices, the correlation coefficients between MIMO antenna elements are usually very high, and the total efficiencies of MIMO elements would be degraded severely due to mutual couplings. In addition, the human body causes high losses on electromagnetic waves. In real applications, the presence of users may result in significant reduction of total antenna efficiencies, and the correlations of MIMO antenna systems are also highly affected. In this chapter, the performance of some basic MIMO antennas as well as recent technologies to improve MIMO antenna performance of portable devices and mobile terminals are reviewed. The interactions between MIMO antennas and human body are also addressed particularly in mobile terminals application.
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| 7. |
- Zhang, Xingxing, et al.
(författare)
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Solar Systems’ Economic and Environmental Performance Assessment
- 2019
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Ingår i: Advanced Energy Efficiency Technologies for Solar Heating, Cooling and Power Generation. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030172824 - 9783030172831 ; , s. 453-486
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The economic and environmental performance assessment of the solar system plays a critical role in building design, operation and retrofit. A dedicated economic model is necessary to assess the investment feasibility on a new technology, which allows investors to decide on a profitable investment, compare investment projects and know about the benefits of the best investment. An environmental model is adopted to predict carbon emission reduction in the solar system relative to the traditional heating and electronic systems. This chapter introduced three up-to-date solar system models and corresponding assessments related to their applications, including solar photovoltaic/loop heat pipe (PV/LHP) heat pump water heating system, loop heat pipe-based solar thermal facade (LHP-STF), heat pump water heating system as well as solar thermal facade (STF). The research results will be able to assist in decision-making in implementation of the proposed PV/T technology and analyses of the associated economic and environmental benefits, thus contributing to realization of regional and global targets on fossil fuel energy saving and environmental sustainability.
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