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- Backenroth-Ohsako, GAM, et al.
(författare)
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Personality and work life: A comparison between hearing-impaired persons and a normal-hearing population
- 2003
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Ingår i: SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND PERSONALITY. - : Scientific Journal Publishers Ltd. - 0301-2212. ; 31:2, s. 191-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hearing loss is commonly found amongst the normal population and constitutes a hidden problem in working life. The aim of this study was to compare differences between hearing-impaired persons and a control sample of hearing subjects with regard to their work-life conditions and personality traits. The investigation group consisted of 41 hearing-impaired individuals with a mean age of 49 years. The control sample consisted of 182 subjects with a mean age of 36 years. Overall it was found that subjects in the control sample were more satisfied with their current work situation. However the investigation group reported that they performed well at work and, in comparison to the control sample, they reported a higher level of performance. Furthermore, the personality profiles differed between the two groups. The hearing-impaired sample – illustrated by case studies – showed significantly higher levels of muscular tension and psychastenia after controlling for gender and age. The results suggest the need for increased awareness of how work conditions may be experienced when a hear- ing impairment is present, as well as for future practical intervention programs to assist hear- ing-impaired employees to cope with an increasingly demanding work life.
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| 2. |
- Eklund, J. M., et al.
(författare)
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Monoamine oxidase activity and tri-iodothyronine level in violent offenders with early behavioural problems
- 2005
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Ingår i: Neuropsychobiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0302-282X .- 1423-0224. ; 52:3, s. 122-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The focus is on evaluating the relationships between early behavioural problems and biochemical variables at adult age and their significance for early criminality and violent behaviour in a life perspective. In the present study, using prospective longitudinal data, a sample of males with a history of early criminal behaviour and male controls (n = 103) were investigated concerning (1) teacher-rated behaviours at age 11–14 years; (2) platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and tri-iodothyronine (T3) level at adult age; (3) registered early criminality (11–14 years); (4) records of violent offending up to age 35 years, and (5) interview data on smoking. The main finding was that a combined risk level pattern of low MAO activity and high T3level was found significantly more frequently than expected in violent offenders with an early behavioural risk pattern. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction effect between early attention difficulties and smoking on MAO activity, as well as an effect by smoking on MAO activity. The findings are discussed in terms of the possible influence of biological vulnerability to certain behaviours, which in combination with possible childhood stress, enhance the risk for antisocial behaviours and subsequent violence.
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| 3. |
- Fetissov, SO, et al.
(författare)
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Autoantibodies against alpha -MSH, ACTH, and LHRH in anorexia and bulimia nervosa patients
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 99:26, s. 17155-17160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus is involved in the control of energy intake and expenditure and may participate in the pathogenesis of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Two systems are of particular interest in this respect, synthesizing α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and synthesizing neuropeptide Y, respectively. We report here that 42 of 57 (74%) AN and/or BN patients studied had in their plasma Abs that bind to melanotropes and/or corticotropes in the rat pituitary. Among these sera, 8 were found to bind selectively to α-MSH-positive neurons and their hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic projections as revealed with immunostaining on rat brain sections. Adsorption of these sera with α-MSH peptide abolished this immunostaining. In the pituitary, the immunostaining was blocked by adsorption with α-MSH or adrenocorticotropic hormone. Additionally, 3 AN/BN sera bound to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-positive terminals in the rat median eminence, but only 2 of them were adsorbed with LHRH. In the control subjects, 2 of 13 sera (16%) displayed similar to AN/BN staining. These data provide evidence that a significant subpopulation of AN/BN patients have autoantibodies that bind to α-MSH or adrenocorticotropic hormone, a finding pointing also to involvement of the stress axis. It remains to be established whether these Abs interfere with normal signal transduction in the brain melanocortin circuitry/LHRH system and/or in other central and peripheral sites relevant to food intake regulation, to what extent such effects are related to and/or could be involved in the pathophysiology or clinical presentation of AN/BN, and to what extent increased stress is an important factor for production of these autoantibodies.
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| 6. |
- Longato-Stadler, E, et al.
(författare)
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Personality traits and platelet monoamine oxidase activity in a Swedish male criminal population
- 2002
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Ingår i: Neuropsychobiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0302-282X .- 1423-0224. ; 46:4, s. 202-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Background:</i> A Swedish male criminal population was grouped into personality disorder subgroups and investigated with regard to personality traits and platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity. The main aim of the study was to examine the possibility of a risk factor combination by having low platelet MAO activity as well as belonging to a certain diagnostic DSM-IV axis I (drug abuse in the present series) and/or II subgroup. <i>Methods:</i> Personality disorders were grouped into clusters according to the cluster system used in DSM-IV axis II. The prisoners were grouped into five subgroups and each subject completed the Karolinska Scales of Personality self-report questionnaire. The comparison group for the personality data comprised 51 non-criminal males from a longitudinal Swedish project. Platelet MAO activity was assessed for the criminals as well as for a control group including 60 non-criminal healthy male Caucasians. For testing the existence of syndromes, a configuration frequency analysis (CFA) was used. <i>Results:</i> The results showed low scores on the socialisation and high scores on the sensation seeking-related traits impulsiveness and monotony avoidance, and the somatic anxiety-related muscular tension in the criminals with any DSM-IV mental disorder, however most markedly in cluster AB and cluster B subjects. In addition, cluster AB subjects had significantly lower platelet MAO activity than controls. Two significant ‘types’ were found among the criminals: one was characterised by low platelet MAO activity, cluster B personality diagnosis as well as drug abuse disorder diagnosis; and the other by a pattern of normal platelet MAO activity, no cluster B personality disorder and no drug abuse disorder diagnosis. <i>Conclusion:</i> The aggregation of certain risk factors in the same individual has been shown to contribute to the development of criminal behaviour.
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