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- Martin-Sanchez, F., et al.
(författare)
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Synergy between medical informatics and bioinformatics : Facilitating genomic medicine for future health care
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Informatics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-0464 .- 1532-0480. ; 37:1, s. 30-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we review the results of BIOINFOMED, a study funded by the European Commission (EC) with the purpose to analyse the different issues and challenges in the area where Medical Informatics and Bioinformatics meet. Traditionally, Medical Informatics has been focused on the intersection between computer science and clinical medicine, whereas Bioinformatics have been predominantly centered on the intersection between computer science and biological research. Although researchers from both areas have occasionally collaborated, their training, objectives and interests have been quite different. The results of the Human Genome and related projects have attracted the interest of many professionals, and introduced new challenges that will transform biomedical research and health care. A characteristic of the 'post genomic' era will be to correlate essential genotypic information with expressed phenotypic information. In this context, Biomedical Informatics (BMI) has emerged to describe the technology that brings both disciplines (BI and MI) together to support genomic medicine. In recognition of the dynamic nature of BMI, institutions such as the EC have launched several initiatives in support of a research agenda, including the BIOINFOMED study.
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| 3. |
- Abraham, David, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular phylogeny of the subfamilies in Geometridae (Geometroidea: Lepidoptera)
- 2001
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-9513 .- 1055-7903. ; 20:1, s. 65-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular sequence data from three gene fragments were used to examine critically a provisional phylogenetic classification based on morphological characters of the Geometridae, one of the most species-rich families of moths. The sister group relationship between Geometridae and Drepanidae gained further support from the molecular analysis, which was based on the ND1 mitochondrial gene and the first and second expansion segments of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene. Although the alignment of the second expansion segment contained regions with many gaps, it provided the most resolution of the gene fragments. Parsimony analysis of the combined data resulted in a cladogram in which species belonging to Drepanidae, Larentiinae, and Sterrhinae formed monophyletic groups. The Ennominae did not form a monophyletic group but rather were contained within a broader monophyletic group including Archiearinae, Geometrinae, and Alsophilinae (represented by only one species per group in the present study). The molecular results were used to explore further the relationship between Sterrhinae and Larentiinae, the question as to whether Ennominae actually represent a monophyletic group, and the relationships between Ennominae and some of the other subfamilies.
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| 5. |
- Abraham, T., et al.
(författare)
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Polyelectrolyte-mediated interaction between similarly charged surfaces : Role of divalent counter ions in tuning surface forces
- 2001
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 17:26, s. 8321-8327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of divalent salts (CaCl2, MgCl2 and BaCl2) in promoting the adsorption of weakly charged polyelectrolyte (polyacrylic acid), PAA, Mw similar to 250000 g/mol) on mica surfaces and their role in tuning the nature of interactions between such adsorbed polyelectrolyte layers were studied using the interferometric surface forces apparatus. With mica surfaces in 3 mM MgCl2 solutions at pH similar to8.0-9.0, the addition of 10 ppm PAA resulted in a long-range attractive bridging force and a short-range repulsive steric force. This force profile indicates a low surface coverage and weak adsorption. The range of the force can be related to the characteristic length scale R-G of polyelectrolyte chains using a scaling description. An increase of the PAA concentration to 50 ppm changed the attractive force profile to a monotonic, long-range repulsive interaction extending up to 600 Angstrom due to the increased surface coverage of polyelectrolyte chains on the mica surfaces. Comparison of the measured forces with a scaling mean field model suggests that the adsorbed polyelectrolyte chains are stretched, which eventually give rise to the polyelectrolyte brush like structure. When the mica surfaces were preincubated in 3 mM CaCl2 at pH similar to8.0-9.0, in contrast to the case of 3 MM MgCl2, the addition of 10 ppm PAA resulted in a more complex force profile: long-range repulsive forces extending up to 800 Angstrom followed by an attractive force regime and a second repulsive force regime at shorter separations. The long-range electrosteric forces can be attributed to strong adsorption of polyelectrolyte chains on mica surfaces (high surface coverage) which is facilitated by the presence of Ca2+ ions, while the intermediate range attractive forces can be ascribed to Ca2+ assisted bridging between adsorbed polyelectrolyte chains. Also interesting is to note various relaxation processes present in this system. In contrast to both MgCl2 and CaCl2 systems, with mica surfaces in 3 mM BaCl2 solution at pH similar to8.0-9.0, the addition of 10 ppm PAA resulted in precipitation of polyelectrolyte chains on mica surfaces, resulting in an extremely long-range monotonic repulsive force profile. In summary, our study showed that divalent counterions (Mg2+, Ca2+, and Ba2+) exhibit significantly different behavior in promoting PAA adsorption on mica surfaces, modifying and controlling various surface interactions.
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