| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Jonsson, Erik G., et al.
(författare)
-
DTNBP1, NRG1, DAOA, DAO and GRM3 Polymorphisms and Schizophrenia : An Association Study
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Neuropsychobiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0302-282X .- 1423-0224. ; 59:3, s. 142-150
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Several studies of the dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 gene (DTNBP1), neuregulin 1 (NRG1), D-amino-acid oxidase (DAO), DAO activator (DAOA, G72), and metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (GRM3) genes have suggested an association between variants of these genes and schizophrenia. Methods: In a replication attempt, single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the DTNBP1, NRG1, DAO, DAOA, and GRM3 genes were analyzed in three independent Scandinavian schizophrenia case-control samples. Results: One DTNBP1 and three GRM3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms showed nominal significant associations to the disease. However, after correction for multiple testing, there were no statistically significant allele, genotype or haplotype case-control differences. Conclusions: The present Scandinavian results do not verify previous associations between the analyzed DTNBP1, NRG1, DAO, DAOA, and GRM3 gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia. Additional studies and meta-analyses are warranted to shed further light on these relationships. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel
|
|
| 3. |
- Welander-Vatn, Audun S, et al.
(författare)
-
No altered dorsal anterior cingulate activation in bipolar II disorder patients during a Go/No-go task : an fMRI study.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Bipolar Disorders. - 1398-5647 .- 1399-5618. ; 11:3, s. 270-279
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: It has been reported that one of the core features in patients with bipolar disorder II (BD II) is increased impulsivity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients with BD II showed decreased activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) as compared to healthy controls when performing a task sensitive to impulsivity.METHODS: Twenty-seven BD II patients and 28 healthy controls performed a Go/No-go task during a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) session. Eleven of the patients were unmedicated, and possible group differences between medicated and unmedicated patients were also assessed. Results: The groups did not differ in behavioral performance on the Go/No-go task. Both BD II subjects and healthy controls demonstrated dACC activity during the task, and analyses revealed no statistically significant group differences. Medicated and unmedicated patients also did not differ in the degree of fMRI activation.CONCLUSIONS: These findings do not support the hypothesis of abnormal dACC activity during a Go/No-go task in BD II patients.
|
|
| 4. |
- Emdad, Reza, et al.
(författare)
-
Morphometric and psychometric comparisons between non-substance-abusing patients with posttraumatic stress disorder and normal controls
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. - : S. Karger AG. - 0033-3190 .- 1423-0348. ; 75:2, s. 122-132
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Hippocampal decrease in size in response to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is still a subject of controversy. The aims of this study were to: (1) confirm previous hippocampus findings in PTSD patients compared to controls, using ethnically similar study groups where alcohol and drug abuse were non-existent; (2) test influence of disease duration as well as depression scores on possible morphological changes; (3) test whether the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) data confirm the group differences seen in the region of interest (ROI) analysis, and (4) test the associations between the cognitive test scores and the morphological changes. METHODS: VBM and ROI-based analysis were applied in 23 patients and 17 healthy controls. Culture-neutral cognitive tests were used. RESULTS: The ROI-based method showed significantly decreased gray matter volumes for global hippocampal volume, as in a separate analysis of left and right sides in the PTSD group. Total volume of the hippocampus was significantly decreased on the left side, as in the global assessment. A multiple regression VBM model showed significant voxel clusters for group affiliation in the right hippocampus, modelling lowering of gray matter associated with the PTSD group. Disease duration was shown to be negatively correlated to bilateral hippocampal volume and high depression score to bilateral gray matter parahippocampal volume. No significant correlations were found between hippocampal or parahippocampal volumes and cognitive functions. CONCLUSION: The present and previous studies showed that morphologic differences do not appear to be due to drug or alcohol abuse. The VBM data partially confirm the group differences seen in the ROI-based method in the medial temporal lobe. The fact that the significantly lower score on the short-term memory test in the PTSD group is not correlated to hippocampal volume may suggest a more general basis for such memory impairment.
|
|
| 5. |
- Forsberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Landmark-Based Software for Anatomical Measurements : A Precision Study
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y. Print). - : Wiley. - 0897-3806 .- 1098-2353. ; 22:4, s. 456-462
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to develop a software program, called Landmarker, which would aid studies of complex anatomical morphometry by simplifying the manual identification of landmarks in 3D images. We also tested its precision on routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. To understand human biological variation, there is a need to identify morphological characteristics from the exterior and the interior of human anatomy. MRI, as opposed to other radiographic methods (mainly based on X-ray techniques), supplies good soft tissue contrast, which allows for more complex assessments than what bony landmarks can provide. Because automation of this assessment is highly demanding, one of the primary goals for the new software was to enable more rapid identification of landmark sets in 3D image data. Repeat acquisition of head MRIs having a resolution of 0.94 x 0.94 x 1.20 mm3 were performed on 10 volunteers. Intra- and interoperator, as well as interacquisition variations of manual identification of exterior, craniofacial interior, and brain landmarks were studied. The average distances between landmarks were <1.8 mm, <2.3 mm, and <2.0 mm in the intra- and interoperator, and interacquisition evaluations, respectively. This study presents new software for time efficient identification of complex craniofacial landmarks in 3D MRI. To the best of our knowledge, no evaluation of software for rapid landmark-based analysis of complex anatomies from 3D MR data has yet been presented. This software may also be useful for studies in other anatomical regions and for other types of image data.
|
|
| 6. |
- Hall, Hakan, et al.
(författare)
-
Potential genetic variants in schizophrenia : A Bayesian analysis
- 2007
-
Ingår i: World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1562-2975 .- 1814-1412. ; 8:1, s. 12-22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A number of different gene polymorphisms have been found to dispose for the development of schizophrenia. However, no single gene polymorphism is sufficient for the precipitation of schizophrenia. Swedish psychosis patients (n = 103) and control subjects (n = 89) were analyzed for 36 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 30 candidate genes for schizophrenia. Evidence of association was analyzed with Bayesian statistical methods. Variants in the genes coding for dopamine-D-2 receptor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neuropeptide Y (NPY), neuregulin 1, reelin and synapsin 3 showed association with schizophrenia, although few subjects were found in the minority allele for the two latter variants. The six gene variants, all with suspected connection to schizophrenia, were found to be risk factors when considered in combination, but not separately. The results indicate that the Bayesian statistical method gives additional possibilities in the search for risk factors for schizophrenia or other complex disorders.
|
|
| 7. |
- Haukvik, Unn Kristin, et al.
(författare)
-
Cerebral cortical thickness and a history of obstetric complications in schizophrenia
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Psychiatric Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1379 .- 0022-3956. ; 43:16, s. 1287-1293
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have demonstrated that patients with schizophrenia have thinner brain cortices compared with healthy control subjects. Neurodevelopment is vulnerable to obstetric complications (OCs) such as hypoxia and birth trauma, factors that are also related to increased risk of developing schizophrenia. With the hypothesis that OCs might explain the thinner cortices found in schizophrenia, we studied patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls subjects for association between number and severity of OCs and variation in cortical thickness. Methods: MRI scans of 54 adults with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 54 healthy controls were acquired at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Measures of brain cortical thickness were obtained using automated computer processing (FreeSurfer). OCs were assessed from obstetric records and scored blindly according to the McNeil-Sjostrom scale. At numerous cortical locations, putative effects of OCs on cortical thickness variation were tested for each trimester, for labour, for composite OC scores, severe OC scores, and hypoxia scores among patients and controls separately. Results: Number and severity of OCs varied among both patient and control subjects but were not associated with cortical thickness in either of the groups. Patients demonstrated thinner brain cortices but there were no significant differences in number and severity of OC scores across groups. Conclusion: In the present study, number and severity of obstetric complications were not associated with brain cortical thickness, in patients with schizophrenia or in healthy control subjects. The thinner brain cortices found in patients with schizophrenia were not explained by a history of OCs. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 8. |
- Henriksson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
A morphometric magnetic resonance method for measuring cranial, facial and brain characteristics for application to schizophrenia : Part 1
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-4927 .- 1872-7506 .- 0165-1781. ; 147:2-3, s. 173-186
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serious psychopathology in adulthood may be associated with disturbed foetal brain development, which potentially shows lingering "fossil marks" in the cranial and facial regions. Several methods exist for assessing external craniofacial and internal brain distances but, to our knowledge, no method yet provides simultaneous measurement of cranial, facial and brain dimensions in live subjects. In this article we describe a method to identify landmarks on magnetic resonance images (MRI) for simultaneous measurement of cranial, facial and brain characteristics potentially associated with psychosis. To test the method itself, 30 patients with chronic schizophrenia and 31 healthy comparison subjects, mean age 41 years, were randomly selected from a larger cohort recruited at the Karolinska Hospital, Sweden. Participants were investigated with MRI, and 60 landmarks in the cranial, facial and brain regions were identified in the images. An independent anthropometric examination measured external craniofacial characteristics for study in relation to measurements produced through MRI. High inter-scorer and re-test reliabilities were obtained for two independent scorers of the landmarks in the MR images. Measurements of potentially comparable craniofacial distances showed high alignment with an established anthropometric method. This new method can provide simultaneous investigation of multiple aspects of cranial, facial and brain morphology in MR images originally collected for other purposes. In a second article we will use this method to compare 3D craniofacial measurements and shape between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls.
|
|
| 9. |
- Henriksson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
A pilot study of facial, cranial and brain MRI morphometry in men with schizophrenia: Part 2.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7123 .- 0925-4927 .- 0165-1781. ; 147:2-3, s. 187-195
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This pilot study applies a new 3D morphometric MR method to test the hypothesis that men with schizophrenia (vs. controls) have deviant facial shapes and landmark relations in cranio/facialibrain (CFB) regions. This constitutes Part 2 of paired articles in this issue of Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, in which Part 1 presents the new method in detail. MRI coordinates from CFB landmarks of 23 patients and 15 controls were identified and then aligned with the Procrustes model, leaving shape as the only unitless geometrical information. Men with schizophrenia had significantly longer mid- and lower-facial heights, and greater lower (left) facial depth, with a tendency toward rotation along the facial midline. This supports findings from earlier anthropometric and 3D studies of the "exterior" (face). In contrast, none of the patient-control differences for the new "interior" (cranial-brain) distances reached statistical significance. These results need to be retested on a larger sample of both sexes. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
